氣候變遷下的農業用水科學管理

Scientific Assessment on Agricultural Water Management under Climate Change in Taiwan

馬家齊(Chia-Chi Ma) ； 吳瑞賢(Ray-Shyan Wu)

《農業工程學報》 60卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 30-40

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201406_60(2).0004

摘要

台灣地區因地形特殊，降雨在時間與空間上的分布相當不平均，近年來又受到氣候變遷的影響，水資源供應具高度不確定性，導致各標的用水競爭激烈。台灣早期的社會經濟以農業為主，但隨著經濟發展、產業結構改變，水稻栽培面積自1975年最高峰79萬公頃降至2011年25萬公頃，灌溉用水量則僅自136億立方公尺降至111億立方公尺。如此呈現的數據顯示水田灌溉面積雖減少，但灌溉用水量並未隨灌溉面積等比例減少，因此引發各界的質疑。故本文自水資源用水結構、農田水利會的用水管理等面向切入，以科學數據探討氣候變遷及農業政策對農業用水管理的影響，並以桃園農田水利會2009及2011年一期作抗旱用水管理為例，說明抗旱措施確能有效節約平常因休耕眾多、灌區零散而增加的輸配水損失及滲漏量，節約水量約為平水年灌溉用水量之26%。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 灌溉用水量 ； 抗旱

並列摘要

Due to the special topography, the rainfall in Taiwan is quite uneven both in time and space distribution. Partially due to the impact of climate change in recent years, the water supply with a high degree of uncertainty leading to the subject of intense competition for water. Taiwan moves from agricultural economy to the development of industrial economy. The cultivation area of rice in 1975 was 790,000 hectares, and reduces to 250,000 hectares in 2011. As a result, the irrigation water reduced from 13.6 billion m^3 to 11.1 billion m^3. This study discussed the structure of water resources, irrigation water management, and the scientific data relating to agricultural policies affecting the agricultural water management under climate change. Case study in Taoyuan Irrigation Association in 2009 and 2011 demonstrates the approach in the water management for severe drought to reduce the losses and leakage in fallows effectively, and save about 26% of irrigation water in a normal year.

並列關鍵字

Climate change ； Irrigation water requirement ； Severe drought