農業廢棄物堆肥場空氣中微生物與內毒素分佈之研究

Distribution and Characteristics of Airborne Microorganism and Endotoxin in Agricultural Waste Composting Plants

楊心豪(Shin-Hao Yang) ； 黃筱茜(Hsiao-Chien Huang) ； 羅金翔(Chin-Hsiang Luo) ； 王邵麒(Shao-Chi Wang) ； 陳秋蓉(Chiou-Jong Chen) ； 洪粕宸(Po-Chen Hung)

《農業工程學報》 60卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 64-84

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201406_60(2).0007

摘要

本研究主要針對農業廢棄物堆肥場進行空氣中微生物之調查，同時並對於細菌內毒素含量進行分析，以瞭解目前台灣之堆肥場中生物性危害之程度。研究中選取2間堆肥場進行採樣分析，細菌與真菌生物氣膠分佈是利用衝擊式（impactor）生物氣膠採樣器進行採樣，在於細菌內毒素則是先以懸浮微粒採樣器採集PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)之微粒，在併以內毒素分析方法－鱟變形細胞之萃取物基質比色分析法（Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test, LAL test），進行內毒素之含量分析。研究結果發現，在農業廢棄物堆肥場中，細菌生物氣膠濃度分佈在1,001-131,944 CFU/m^3間，真菌生物氣膠則在353-43,793 CFU/m^3間。菌種部分細菌類以Bacillus與Staphylococcus為主要菌屬，真菌類則都以Penicillium為主要菌屬。在兩間堆肥場所中，利用針對內毒素的調查結果顯示，在PM_(10)以下之微粒內毒素濃度介於16-452 EU/m^3。綜合整體影響因子，可以發現翻堆是最主要影響因子，在翻堆過程中微生物隨之揚起，進而影響生物氣膠濃度。建議堆肥場應該改善其通風設備，增加通風換氣進而降低場內之生物氣膠濃度，並加強全面加強工作從業人員個人防護用具的配戴，以降低感染及暴露之風險。

關鍵字

農業廢棄物 ； 堆肥場 ； 細菌 ； 真菌 ； 生物氣膠 ； 內毒素

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate the airborne microorganisms and bacteria endotoxins in the agricultural waste composting plants, for understanding biological hazards in Taiwan agricultural waste composting plants. Two agricultural waste composting plants were selected as the testing subjects. The bacteria and fungi bioaerosol distributions were sampling by impactor bioaerosol sampler. The universal aerosol sampler was applying to collect PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) particles and then do the endotoxin analysis, which was using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test (LAL test). The results showed that in the agricultural waste composting plants, bacteria bioaerosol concentrations were in the range of 1,001-131,944 CFU/m^3, and the fungi bioaerosols were about 353-43,793 CFU/m^3. According to the sampling results, Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. were the major bacteria in the agriculture-waste composting plant. In these two composting plants, the endotoxin concentrations of the PM_(10) were 16-452 EU/m^3. The sampling data showed that turning the compost is the major parameter to increase the bioaerosol concentrations. Thus, the composting plant should increase the air exchange volume for decreasing bioaerosol concentrations. And according to the questionnaire analysis, the workers were negligent in personal protection.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural waste ； Composting plants ； Bacteria ； Fungi ； Bioaerosol ； endotoxin