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應用浚渫抽泥提升防淤隧道排砂濃度之試驗研究

Venting Efficiency Improvement of the Desilting Tunnel Combined with Hydraulic Dredging Release

摘要


台灣境內位於板塊交錯區域,地表起伏大,河川坡陡流急,水資源難以儲蓄利用。為了供水、防洪、灌溉、發電,最直接有效之方法就是興建水壩蓄水。然而,水庫建設後必須處理泥砂淤積等問題,才能延長其使用年限。為求延長水庫壽命以及永續經營,水利署南區水資源局推動之「曾文水庫防淤隧道工程」計畫成為全球首座使用象鼻鋼管工法興建之排砂防淤隧道,大幅降低清淤經費,然而近年來水文條件不佳,水力排砂成效有效,為了加速水庫清淤效率,浚渫抽泥成為水庫主要防淤重點,因此,本研究以其新建象鼻防淤隧道為主要研究對象,探討浚渫抽泥之抽泥泵系統(Hydraulic Dredging System)與防淤隧道之防洪防淤操作,兩者結合下是否具備更佳之排砂濃度為研究課題。透過水槽試驗之方式,模擬抽泥船排放其抽取之淤泥至曾文水庫象鼻防淤隧道入口附近前,繼而使其以孔口吸引方式排砂,評估此一操作情境下之防淤隧道排砂濃度。試驗分析各項參數包含流量、濃度、浚渫抽泥管位置等等,進一步分析浚渫抽泥管出口泥砂濃度與防淤隧道操作情境下之排砂濃度關係。經研究結果歸納分析,得出流量、濃度及浚渫抽泥管位置等因子,建立防淤隧道出流泥沙濃度與浚渫抽泥管出口濃度關係式,以供實務上浚渫抽泥結合象鼻防淤隧道操作之參考。

並列摘要


Taiwan locates on the boundaries of two plates, resulting in the characteristics of salient relief and short rivers with steep slopes. Therefore, the water resources can hardly be stored. For water supply, flood control, irrigation, and power generation, the most direct and effective method is to build dams to store water resources. However, after constructing the reservoir, it is necessary to deal with the problems of sedimentation and other problems to extend its service life. In order to prolong the life of the reservoir and sustain its operation, the Zengwen Reservoir Desilting Tunnel Project was promoted by the Southern Region Water Resources Office, WRA, MOEA. It became the first sediment desilting tunnel constructed using the elephant-trunk steel pipe method, significantly reducing dredging costs. However, in recent years, the hydrological conditions are not good, and hydraulic sediment discharge is effective. In order to accelerate the efficiency of reservoir desiltation, mechanical dredging has become the main focus of reservoir prevention. Therefore, this study takes its newly built elephant-trunk desilting tunnel as the primary research object and explores whether the hydraulic dredging system and sedimentation prevention operation of the desilting tunnel have better drainage as a research topic. Through the tank test, the dredging pump was simulated to discharge the sediment to the vicinity of the entrance of the elephant-trunk desilting tunnel of Zengwen Reservoir. The desilting efficiency analyzes various parameters, including flow rate, concentration, the position of the dredging pipe. Further, it analyzes the relationship between the sediment concentration at the outlet of the dredging pipe and the sediment discharge concentration under the operation situation of the desilting tunnel. After the research results are summarized and analyzed, factors such as flow rate, concentration, and the position of the dredging pipe are obtained, and the relationship between the concentration of the desilting tunnel and the outlet concentration of the dredging pipe is established to provide the practical co-operation.

參考文獻


Chamoun, S., Cesare, G. D. and Schleiss, A. J., “Influence of Operational Timing on the Efficiency of Venting Turbidity Currents” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 144(9), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001508 (2018).
Lee, F. Z., Lai, J. S., Tan, Y. C. and Sung, C. C., “Turbid density current venting through reservoir outlets,” Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(2):694-705. DOI: 10.1007/s12205-014-0275-y (2014).
Chamoun, S., Cesare, G. D. and Schleiss, A. J., “Experimental investigation on turbidity current venting under restrained outflow discharges,” Taylor & Francis Group, London (2016).
Chamoun, S., Cesare, G. D. and Schleiss, A. J., “Management of turbidity current venting in reservoirs under different bed slopes,” Journal of Environmental Management, 204, 519-530 (2017).
Dreyer, Jacob Stephanus, “Investigating the influence of low-level outlet shape on the scour cone formed during pressure flushing of sediments in hydropower plant reservoirs,” Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, (2018).

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