自由與平等：《自由中國》時期殷海光、夏道平對政治與經濟關係的反思

二十世紀上半期，自由主義在大陸發展的時候，受強勁的社會主義思潮的影響，存在相當顯著的社會平等、計劃經濟埋想，追求「新自由主義」和「自由的社會主義」。一九四九年部分自由主義者逃亡臺灣，為了體現思想本質上與共產主義意識型態的區隔，出現真假平等、真假社會主義的論述。朝鮮戰爭爆發後，國民黨迅速向集權方向發展，殷海光、夏道平等自由者開始重新思考自由與平等的關係問題，主張充分的自由經濟，以經濟自由促進政治和思想自由。無論他們的反思是消極面的還是積極面的，也無論這種反思是否代表了自由與平等關係思想的「終結」，「沒有經濟自由就沒有政治自由」這個意涵的揭示，從中國近代思想史的角度觀察，的確標誌著相當重要的發展。

關鍵字

自由；平等；殷海光；夏道平；《自由中國》

並列摘要

In the first half of 20 century, by the strong influence of socialism, there were some notable trends of social equality and planned economy ideas in Chinese liberalism. After some liberals fled to Taiwan in 1949, to show the difference from communist, they began pay attention to discriminate about ”true” equality (socialism) and ”false ”equality (socialism). And after the outbreak of the Korean War, the United States got involved in Taiwan's military security affairs, the KMT quickly developed to the direction of Centralization of State Power. Liberals like Yin Hai-Guang and Xia Dao-Ping began rethink of the relationship between liberty and equality, advocating a free economy to promote political freedom and thought freedom. This adjustment indicated the change of political background of society could affect the direction of some trend of thought just as the learning resource did. Revealing of the meaning ”there is no political freedom without economic freedom” indeed marks a very important development from the perspective of the modern Chinese intellectual history, whether they reflect on its positive side or negative side, and whether this represents the ”end” on ideas of freedom and equality.