德國長期照顧制度之發展、現況及未來

Rising, Developing and Future of the Long-term Care Insurance in Germany

林志鴻(Chih-Hong Lin)

《研考雙月刊》 32卷6期 (2008/12) Pp. 68-79

https://doi.org/10.6978/YKSYK.200812.0068

摘要

本文簡要介紹德國長期照顧保險制度的形成背景、制度特徵、運作狀況以及未來展望。認為德國長期照顧保險制度形成於艱困的環境中，歷經險阻，在確認照顧需要事故為社會事故全民風險之下，不但以突破傳統俾斯麥體制特點，近乎全民納保的社會保險制度加以實施，並以隨收隨付制度作為財務處理方式。制度實施迄今已達13年，民眾能夠以相對較輕的財務負擔，獲得即時、合乎品質要求、以及兼顧個別特殊照顧需要的滿足；總體制度財務仍能維持在穩健健全的狀況下，繼續獲得民眾與參與者一定的制度信任。2008起制度進行重進一步對費率、給付項目與品質，及支付價格調整。其制度理念、架構與未來發展甚值吾人重視。

關鍵字

長期照顧保險 ； 照顧需要事故 ； 社會事故 ； 隨收隨付

並列摘要

The main purpose of this article is to discuss the institutional background, operational framework and future prospect of the Long-Term Care Insurance system in Germany. Under a very difficult social environment, this system was built and implemented. By acknowledging the care need as a social risk, the system is operated on the principle of universal social insurance and financed on the principle of pay as you go. Since its inception in 1995, the system has achieved a very successful performance, namely, meeting the caring needs with relative low contributions and winning the trust from the public. Also, the financial condition of this system is still quite sound. In 2008, a Reform Program has been proposed by the government in order to further strengthen its sustainability by the amendments of contribution rate, benefit category and payment fees.

並列關鍵字

long-term care Insurance ； care need ； social risk ； pay-as-you-go