通訊隱私與刑法規制－論「通訊保障及監察法」的刑事責任

Communications Privacy and Criminal Regulation-Research on Criminal Liability of "Communication Security and Surveillance Act"

許恒達(Heng-Da Hsu)

《東吳法律學報》 21卷3期 (2010/01) Pp. 109-159

https://doi.org/10.6416/SLR.201001.0109

摘要

科技持續發展的今天，新興的法律管制領域愈益增加。「通訊行動」的保護，在科技時代尤為重要的法律議題。我國早於1999年增訂通訊保障及監察法，採用美國法取向「隱私保護」的立法架構，同時創設「違法通訊監察」與「洩露監察資料」的刑事責任，然而，這種仿傚美國法的刑事制裁，如何能與我國法的體例相契合，即為應予深究的問題。筆者將在本文中，借鏡美國與德國的立法現況與實務意見，深入研究通保法刑法規範的解釋方法，並設法將其刑責融入我國刑法法益保護體系。本文將分為五個主題說明相關疑義：(1)如何設計通訊隱私的刑法保護架構、(2)如何類型化通訊隱私的保護客體、(3)如何定性通訊監察行為、(4)洩露與交付行為的可罰性界限，以及如何解釋通保法中的除罪事由。

關鍵字

通訊監察 ； 合理隱私期待 ； 通訊隱私 ； 侵入電腦 ； 秘密利益 ； 虛偽朋友

並列摘要

The technological advance and improvement lead to many new legal issues. The protection of ”communication activities” is one of the most important topics. By adopting the main conception of ”privacy protection” in American legislation, Taiwan has already enacted the Communication Security and Surveillance Act (CSSA) in 1999. Under CSSA, the unlawful surveillance and disclosure of communication privacy are punishable. However, whether CSSA's penalties could be suitable for Taiwan's legal system which is influenced by Germany's theories would be a core point to be concentrated. The author will explore these problems in view of American and German criminal law and practice. The following discussion in this article will be divided into five main topics:
(1)How can we build a criminal law’s structure to protect communication privacy?
(2)What kind of communication activities should be legally protected?
(3)Which invasion of communications privacy are punishable?
(4)What kind of conduct could be deemed as ”disclosure of communication privacy”?
(5)How can we interpret the exculpation grounds regulated in CSSA?

並列關鍵字

Communication Surveillance ； Reasonable Expectation of Privacy ； Communications Privacy ； Computer Intrusion ； Secret Interest ； False Friend

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