同性生活伴侶之平等權問題－以歐洲法院、德國聯邦憲法法院及德國聯邦行政法院之判決為中心

Equality for Life Partnership-Using the Judgments of European Court of Justice, Federal Constitutional Court of Germany and Federal Administrative Court of Germany as Examples

陳靜慧(Ching-Hui Chen)

《東吳法律學報》 21卷3期 (2010/01) Pp. 161-195

https://doi.org/10.6416/SLR.201001.0161

摘要

德國自同性生活伴侶法制化後，對於是否給予同性生活伴侶與婚姻配偶相同之地位一直有爭議。本文以德國基本法之平等權為中心，首先探討禁止同性婚姻之合憲性。其次檢討同性生活伴侶制度應如何形塑，方符合基本法之意旨。就此係以同性生活伴侶之遺屬是否能如同婚姻配偶之遺屬，請求遺屬照護年金之議題為例，分析德國聯邦憲法法院及德國聯邦行政法院相關判決之見解，以及歐洲法院依據歐盟法規定，對相類似案件所採取之立場為何。最後提出德國法院應如何調控同性生活伴侶與婚姻制度兩者之關係，始能兼顧既不牴觸歐盟法，又符合基本法意旨的要求。

關鍵字

同性生活伴侶 ； 婚姻 ； 平等權 ； 性傾向 ； 制度性保障

並列摘要

Since 1 August 2001, Germany has allowed registered partnerships for same-sex couples with the Life Partnership Act. It is, however, highly controversial, whether these partnerships could be granted equal rights to those given to married couples. This paper studies this issue in view of the right of equality. First, it begins with the constitutionality of prohibition of same-sex marriage according to the German Basic Law. The next section explores the constitutionality of the substance of the Life Partnership Act. It is a question of whether same-sex couples could not be granted equal rights to those given to married couples in an effort to observe the ”special protection” which the German constitution provided for marriage and the family. The third section discusses the issue of withholding certain privileges, such as pension rights for widow(er)s. It reviews the subject matter by analyzing of the judgments of European Court of Justice, Federal Constitutional Court of Germany and Federal Administrative Court of Germany. The fourth and final section draws conclusions on the topic.

並列關鍵字

Life Partnership ； Marriage ； Equality ； Sexual Orientation ； Institutional Protection

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