台灣人口遷移屬性與動機的變化

The Changes of Attributes and Motivations of Internal Migrants: The Comparison of 1992 and 2002 Data

洪嘉瑜(Chia-Yu Hung) ； 銀慶貞(Ching-Chen Yin)

《東吳經濟商學學報》 61期 (2008/06) Pp. 31-65

https://doi.org/10.29735/SJEB.200806.0002

摘要

本文分析台灣1992年和2002年間隔十年的個人遷移資料，實證結果發現十年來是否遷移的決策仍受個人屬性影響：各類遷移都以年輕人與高教育程度者為主；短距離移動以女性與已婚者機率較大；長距離遷徙以男性與未婚者機率較大。但2002年資料則顯示近年來性別、婚姻、年齡等因素對遷徙的距離已無顯著影響，唯有教育程度仍具影響力。遷移動機方面，短距離移動以居住因素為主，長距離遷徙則以工作及教育因素為主；勞工因為找工作而進行冒險性長距離遷徙的機率高於因為工作異動的機率。已婚男性因「本人工作異動」遷移較已婚女性顯著為高，已婚女性則因「家屬工作異動」與「婚姻家庭因素」遷移較已婚男性為高，顯示已婚女性在遷移行為上被動跟隨者的角色，但2002年的比例已較1992年下降。

關鍵字

遷移者屬性 ； 遷移動機 ； 遷移的跟隨者 ； 冒險性遷徙 ； 多元logit模型

並列摘要

This paper studies the attributes and motivations of migrants based on the micro-data of Taiwan National Migration Surveys in 1992 and 2002. The empirical results indicate that personal attributes affect Taiwanese migration behavior. Young and well-educated people are more prone to migrate. Female and married persons are local movers, while male and single persons tend to be long-distance migrants. Nonetheless, over the ten years, gender, age, and martial status no longer influence the distance of migration. Except that, the college graduates are still the dominant group to take up long-distance move. Regarding the motivations, local movers choose to move because of change of housing, and long-distance migrants migrate mainly due to the demands of career and educational purpose. In addition, for the longdistance migrants based on career motivation, the probability of speculative migration is larger than that of contracted migration. Furthermore, married males have higher propensity than married females to migrate because of job change by themselves. On the contrary, married females have higher propensity than married females to migrate because of job change by family members or because of the reasons related to marriage and family members. That is, married females are more likely to be tied-movers. However, the ratio for married female being as tied mover is decreased in 2002.

並列關鍵字

Attributes of Migrants ； Migration Motivation ； Tied Mover ； Speculative Migration ； Multinomial Logit Model

參考文獻

洪嘉瑜、陶宏麟、蔡智發(2003)。影響臺灣內部遷徙的經濟因素探討。經濟論文叢刊。31(2)，253-277。

薛立敏、李中文、曾喜鵬(2003)。台灣區域人口遷移及其就業市場、住宅市場關係之實證研究。都市計畫。30(1)，37-61。

Bielby, W. T.,D. D. Bielby(1992).I Will Follow Him: Family Ties, Gender-Role Beliefs, and Reluctance to Relocate for a Better Job.American Sociological Review.97(5),1241-1267.

Boheim, R.,M. P. Taylor(2002).Tied Down or Room to Move? Investigating the Relationships between Housing Tenure, Employment Status and Residential Mobility in Britain.Scottish Journal of Political Economy.49(4),369-392.

Chen, C.,A. Spear(1991).Migration Transition and Educational Differentials in Taiwan, 1981-85.Journal of Social Science and Philosophy.4(1),447-469.