口傳文學與作家文學的三重對話－以台灣原住民族文學為考察中心

台灣原住民族文學因文學表現形態的不同可區分為口傳文學與作家文學兩大範疇，口傳文學是集體性的文學創作，傳播的媒介是語言，作家文學是個體性的文學創作，傳播的媒介則是文字，由於語言與文字是兩種完全不同的符號系統，這就使得分別承載於其上的文學之間其實存在著相當大的差異。然而，儘管如此，口傳文學與作家文學仍然有著一定程度的互動與交流，以台灣原住民族為例，原住民作家就是促成雙方展開對話的重要橋樑。因此，本文首先探討原住民作家與口傳文學之間的互動關係，這是口傳文學與作家文學的第一重對話；其次，探討作家作品多方面運用口傳文學的模式，這是口傳文學與作家文學的第二重對話；最後，在兩者的發展關係上，藉由瓦歷斯．諾幹所提出的「接續」概念，進而延伸探討兩種文學之間所呈現出的「對位」關係，這是口傳文學與作家文學的第三重對話。

關鍵字

口傳文學；民間文學；作家文學；原住民文學；原住民族文學

並列摘要

Based on differences in expressive patterns in literature, Taiwan's Aboriginal Ethnic Literature can be divided into the two main categories: Oral Literature and Writer Literature. Oral Literature consists generally of the literary creations formed collectively, with spoken language as its propagation media, while Writer Literature consists generally of the literary creations created by individuals, with written text as its propagation media. Since spoken language and written text belong to two different signal systems, significant differences exist between the literatures carried on respectively through them. Even so, indisputably, there still can be interactions and exchanges between Oral Literature and Writer Literature. Taking Taiwan's Aboriginal Ethnic Literature as an example, aboriginal writers can form an important bridge that prompts the two parties to unfold dialogues. Consequently, this article first explores the interactive relationship between aboriginal writers and Oral Literature, which is the first round dialogue between Oral Literature and Writer Literature. Second, the models used for Oral Literature in writers' creations are explored in various ways, which is the second round dialogue between Oral Literature and Writer Literature. Finally, as for the relationship in the two parties' developments, through the concept of ＂continuation＂ proposed by Walis Norgan, the relationship of ＂counterpoint＂ expressed between the two kinds of literature is explored extensively, which is the third round dialogue between Oral Literature and Writer Literature.