Activation of the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus and Locus Coeruleus by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Reconsideration of Stimulation-Parameters Derived from Animal Studie

In 1990 a series of studies started in which the effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) was examined on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In these studies, TENS aimed primarily at stimulating the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) by a combination of low- and high-frequency stimulation (2 Hz and 160 Hz, respectively), a pulse width of 0.1 ms, and an intensity that provokes muscular twitches. TENS was applied 30 min a day, during a six-week period. In order to make reliable comparisons between studies, identical stimulation-parameters were used in all studies thus far. TENS appeared to have a positive effect on cognition, behaviour, and the rest-activity rhythm but the effects disappeared after cessation of stimulation. In order to optimise TENS treatment in AD, the present paper is meant to reconsider the once selected stimulation-parameters by reviewing the relevant literature published since 1991. The results derived from animal experimental studies show that for an optimal stimulation of the LC and DRN, the pulse width should be more than 0.1 ms. Limitations and suggestions for future research will be discussed.

並列關鍵字

dorsal raphe nucleus ； locus coeruleus ； transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ； Alzheimer's disease

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被引用紀錄

Huang, C. W. (2015). Tequila基因調控果蠅壽命之機制 [doctoral dissertation, National Tsing Hua University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2015.00523

Shih, M. F. M. (2013). APL神經元在果蠅中期記憶扮演的角色 [doctoral dissertation, National Tsing Hua University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2013.00034

Sun, C. K. (2015). 添加玻璃粉末對氧化錫燒結和性質之影響 [master's thesis, I-SHOU University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6343/ISU.2015.00219

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Shih, C. F. (2008). 序率分析應用於地球科學研究 [doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2008.00305

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Shih, J. K. (2014). Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Primary Motor Cortex to Modulate Cortical Excitability and Prefrontal Activation during Motor Learning: A TMS and NIRS Study [master's thesis, National Taiwan University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01446
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國際替代計量

Activation of the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus and Locus Coeruleus by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease: A Reconsideration of Stimulation-Parameters Derived from Animal Studie

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