柑桔、梨及蘋果樹葉片營養診斷之研究

Studies on Leaf Nutritional Diagnosis of Citrus, Pear and Apple Trees

邱再發(Tsai-Fua Chiu)

《中華農業研究》 25卷3期 (1976/09) Pp. 214-226

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197609.0006

摘要

利用本省各地果園氮肥田間試驗地之桶柑、椪柑、蘋果、梨樹爲材料，進行葉片無成養分化學分析作爲葉片營養診斷之基礎研究。氮肥施用量試驗結果，顯示對果實産量每稞50公斤之桶柑及椪柑樹氮肥施用適暈爲每棵氣素N500克。對5年生蘋果及梨幼樹之氮肥施用適量爲每樑氮素N300克。
葉片養分濃度隨季節的變化甚大。桶柑及椪柑葉片之氮、磷、鉀、鎂濃度在八月左右爲最高，以後葉齡愈老其養分濃度逐漸減低劉口相反的，葉齡愈老鈣濃度愈高。一般未結果枝條葉吟比結果枝條者氮、磷、鉀濃度較高，而鈣、鎂濃度較低。土壤氮肥施用可影響葉氮濃度之外，土壤肥力情況亦可影響葉片養分濃度。
蘋果、梨葉片之氮、磷濃度在春天新葉爲最高，尤其氮濃度甚高，以後葉片愈成熟，氮濃度迅速降低，而磷濃度緩慢降低，鈣濃度反而逐漸增高，鉀濃度變動不定。據各種果樹葉片分析結果，顯示營養診斷之葉片取樣以在八月採取未結果枝條中間之葉片爲適宜。
據本研究之結果及參考其他研究者報告資料，對本省之椪柑、桶柑、蘋果、梨樹之葉片無機養分標準濃度，建議如下表，供爲葉片分析營養診斷之參考。
臺灣碰柑、桶柑、蘋果、梨樹在八月採取未結果枝條之葉片養分標準濃度
Standard nutrient concentrations of Taiwan Ponkan, Taukan, apple and pear leaves sampled from nonfruiting terminals in August.
(表格略)

並列摘要

Leaf analysis of mineral nutrients has been carried out in order to study nutritional diagnosis of fruit trees, i. e. Tankan, Ponkan, apple and pear trees. Leaf samples were taken from these fruit tree orchards that were used for field experiments on nitrogenous fertilizer application. The results of nitrogenous fertilizer trials showed that the optimum nitrogen application for Tankan and Ponkan trees is N 500 g per tree on the basis of 50 kg fruits per tree are produced. The optimum nitrogen application for 5-year-old pear and apple trees is N 300 g per tree.
Leaf nutrient concentrations varied greatly with seasonal changes. The N, P, K and Mg concentrations of Tankan and Ponkan leaves were the highest around August and these nutrient concentrations decreased gradually when the leaves grew older. However, the Ca concentration increased gradually when the leaf age became older. Generally, the leaves from nonfruiting terminals had higher N, P, and K concentrations and lower Ca and Mg concentrations than that from fruiting terminals. Leaf nutrient concentrations were effected by fertilizer application and also greatly effected by soil fertility status.
The N and P concentrations of pear and apple leaves were the highest in the spring new leaves and decreased gradually thereafter. Especially, the N concentration was very high in the young leaves and rapidly decreased as leaf age increased. On the contrary, the Ca concentration increased with leaf age. The K concentration was fluctuated during leaf growth. According to the results of leaf analysis of citrus, pear and apple trees, it is recommended that leaf samples should be taken in August from nonfruiting terminals for the purpose of nutritional diagnosis.
The leaf standard mineral concentrations of Taiwan Tankan, Ponkan, pear and apple trees have been suggested in the following table on the basis of the current research results and information of other investigators.
Leaf standard mineral nutrient concentrations of Taiwan Tankan, Ponkan, pear and apple trees sampled from nonfruiting terminals in August
(The form abridges)