稻穀貯藏害蟲發生來源調查

The Source of Inects Occurrence of Stored Rice Grain

林欉(Tsung Lin) ； 李錦霞(Chin Hsia Li)

《中華農業研究》 33卷4期 (1984/12) Pp. 431-436

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198412.0011

摘要

本調查於臺中、彰化及南投等三縣各倉庫進行，在25處空倉沿牆腳地面，掃集1M^2內各種昆蟲，平均有436.6隻，其活蟲率平均爲2.7%，害蟲種類言米象(Sitophilus oryzae)，玉米象(S. zeamais)，穀蠢(Rhizopertha dominica)，擬穀盜(Tribolium castaneum)，小擬穀盜(Gnathocerus maxillaosus)，長首穀盜(Latheticus oryzae)，外米僞步行蟲(Alphitobius diaperiuns)，大擬穀盜(Palorus foveicollis)，大穀盜(Tenebroides mauritanicus)，暹羅穀盜(Lophocateres pusillus)，鋸胸粉扁蟲(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)，角胸粉扁蟲(Laemophloeus ferrugineus)，矮圓細肩蟲(Murmidius ovalis)，米露尾蟲(Carpophilus obsoletus)，小紅鰹節蟲(Trogoderma granareium)，矮毛鰹節蟲(Trinodes rufescens)，矮圓鰹節蟲(Anthrenus sp)，細豆蟲(Thorictodes heydeni)，背圓標本蟲(Gibbium psyllioides)及麥蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)等20種。
就28處墊倉穀殼樣品中，每1e平均含蟲29.5隻，其活蟲率平均爲4.7%，害蟲種類發現有米象、穀蠢、擬穀盜、小擬穀盜、長首穀盜、大擬穀盜、暹羅穀盜、鋸胸粉扁蟲、角胸粉扁蟲、小紅鯉節蟲、矮圓細肩蟲及麥蛾等12種。
在33處倉庫新進稻轂樣品，每1kg中平均含蟲0.7隻，其活蟲率平均爲80.7%，害蟲種類有穀蠹、擬穀盜、暹羅穀盜及角胸粉扁蟲等4種。樣品經檢查後保存40天之害蟲羽化數平均0.3隻，僅米象與穀蠹2種。經1個月第2次採樣檢查之樣品內平均含蟲0.4隻，其活蟲率平均爲77.8喝，害蟲有米象、穀蠹、擬穀盜、暹羅穀盜、角胸粉扁蟲及鋸胸粉扁蟲等6種。該樣品保存40天後害蟲羽化平均爲1.0隻，害蟲徐暹羅穀盜未發現外，並有麥蛾出現。經2個月第3次採樣檢查之樣品平均含蟲爲0.7隻，其活蟲率平均爲66.8%，害蟲有米象、穀蠢、擬穀盜、角胸粉扁蟲及鋸胸粉扁蟲等5種；該樣品保存40天羽化蟲數平均爲1.0隻，害蟲有米象、穀蠹、角胸粉扁蟲及麥蛾等4種。經3個月第4次採樣檢查含蟲平均爲1.4隻，其活蟲率平均爲92.7%，害蟲有米象、穀蠹、擬轂盜、角胸粉扁蟲及鋸胸粉扁蟲等5種；該樣品保存40天羽化蟲數平均爲4.9隻，害蟲有米象、穀蠹、擬穀盜、暹羅穀盜及麥蛾等5種。經4個月第5次採樣檢查含蟲平均爲3.9隻，其活蟲率平均爲79.4%，害蟲有米象、穀蠢、擬穀盜、暹羅穀盜及角胸粉扁蟲等5種；該樣品保存40天羽化蟲數平均爲37.6隻，害蟲有米象、穀蠹、擬穀盜、角胸粉扁蟲及麥蛾等5種。

並列摘要

An average of 436.6 insects with 2.7 alive were collected within 1M^2 floor area in 25 empty warehouses. Twenty species of insects were found : i. e,, Sitophilus oryzae, zeamais, Rhizopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Gnathocerus maxillosus, Latheticus oryzae, Alphitobius diaperinus, Palorus foveicollis, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Lophocateres pusillus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Laemophloeus ferrugineus, Murmidius ovalis, Carpophilus obsoletus, Trogoderma granarium, Trinodes rufescens, Anthrenus sp., Thorictodes heydeni, Gibbium psyllioldes, Sitotroga cerealella.
Twenty eight samples of rice husk which was spread on the floor of warehouses contained averagely 29.5 insects per liter of sample, among them, 4.7% were alive. They were S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum. G. maxillosus, L. oryzae, T. mauritanicus, L. pusillus, O. surinamensis, L. ferrugineus, T. granarium. M. ovalis, S. cerealella.
Surveyed from 33 warehouses, 1Kg newly stored grain contained averagely 0.7 insects with 80.7% alive, the insects wers R. dominica, T, castaneum, C. maxillosus, L. ferrugineus. 0.3 insects including S. oryzae and R, dominica were emerged from the preserved samples. Grain stored for 1 month contained 0.4 insects with 77.8% alive, they were S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L. pusillus, L. ferrugineus, O. surinamensis. 1.0 insect including S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L, ferrugineus, O, surinamensis, S. cerealella, were emerged from the preserved samples. Grain stored for 2 months contained 0.7 insects with 66.8% alive, they were S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L. pusillus, O. surinamensis. 1.0 insect including S. oryzae, R. dominica L. ferrugineus, S. cerealella were emerged from the preserved sampled. Grain stored for 3 months contained 1.4 insects with 92.7% alive, they were S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L. ferrugineus, O. surinamensis. 4.9 insects incloding S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L. pusillus S. cerealella were emerged from the preserved samples. Grain stored for 4 months contained 3.9 insects with 79.4% alive, they were S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L, pusillus, L. ferrugineus. 37.6 insects including S. oryzae, R. dominica, T. castaneum, L. ferrugineus, S. cerealella were emerged from the preserved samples.