金香葡萄產期調節之研究Ⅰ.芽體分化與結實潛能之調查

Studies on Forcing Culture of Golden Muscat Grapevine (Vitis Viniferax Vitis Labrusca) 1. Investigation of Bud Differentiation and Fruitfuleess.

王為一(W. Y. Wang) ； 徐信次(H. T. Hsu)

《中華農業研究》 37卷1期 (1988/03) Pp. 15-23

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198803.0003

摘要

本試驗利用解剖顯微鏡觀察彰化縣二林鎮金香葡萄春季所萌結果枝上2-9節芽體分化之過程及其結實潛能，以配合生產釀酒葡萄之產期調節作業，提高釀酒原料之品質，結果發現：花穗原始體於春季萌芽後45天內（即花期）開始形成，且基部起5節與6-8節之芽於往後的30天及60天內大致完成數的分化，而花穗原始體之發育則要延續到7月15日始停止，此時花穗原始體數的分化以第6、7、8及9等四節爲最多；花穗原始體大小的發育，以6、7、8等三節爲最好。因而芽體結實潛能亦以第6、7、8等三節爲最大。但因新技上芽體結實潛能普遍低下，若以現行的栽培管理法進行落葉修剪促成栽培，單就芽體結實潛能評估夏秋二季可能的產量分佈，僅有10%成功與20%得到一次正常產量與一次中等產量之希望，另有10%得到兩次中等產量與30%僅得一次中等產量之可能，更有甚者，尚須冒30%只得極低產量的風險。此外，熱積溫亦不能滿足二收之需要，因此筆者不建議繼續推廣現有的產期調節法，而建議進行整枝與棚架型式的研究，諸如Lyre系統，以改進葡萄園樹冠獲得最大的有效光合作用。好在夏或秋季一次收穫高產量及高品質之釀酒原料葡萄。

並列摘要

The progressive bud differentiation and fruiting potential of bud 2 to bud 9 on new fruiting shoot of Golden Muscat grapevine at Er-lin town were inspected by stereomicroscope with an aim to improve its wine quality in forcing culture.
It was found that bunch primordia commenced within 45 days after bud burst in spring, coinciding with flowering period, and maximized in number with anbther 30 and 60 days for basal 5 nodes and node 6-8, respectively, but the primordia did not develop into full size until July 15.
The highest number of bunch primordia is obtained at bud 6, bud 7, bud 8 and bud 9 and the best size of the primordia is observed node at node 6, node 7 and node 8, indicating the highest fruiting potential of these three nodes.
However the fruting potential of these new shoots is generally low, and estimated to be only 10% of possibility to harvest 2 good crops a year, 20% of possibility to harvest one good and one medium crops, 10% chance of 2 medium crops, 30% only one medium crop and 30% no harvest at all, under forcing culture with the present manage ment system, Besides the heat summation is not enough for two good crops a year.
Therefore, it is recommended to consider new trellising and training system, such as Lyre system etc., to improve the canopy of vineyard and get the maxium photosys thesis to give a good both in guantity and guality, crop either in summer or autumn, instead of trying to harvest two crops a year with Golden Muscat in Er-lin twon.