坡地鳳梨園長期鳳梨殘株敷蓋之水土保持效益

The Effects of Long-term Pineapple Stubble Mulching on Slopeland Pineapple Orchard

鄭慶生(C. S. Cheng)

《中華農業研究》 37卷1期 (1988/03) Pp. 47-57

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198803.0006

摘要

坡地鳳梨園以鳳梨殘株敷蓋爲經濟有效的水土保持方法。爲明瞭長期鳳梨殘株之水土保持效益，本試驗以不同鳳梨殘株敷蓋方式及不同施肥量對土壤流失，土壤理化性質及鳳梨生育和產量之影響進行長期研究。試驗資料顯示：各處理對土壤流失控制及保持土壤水分效果，依次爲殘株敷蓋施全量、2/3量及1/2量肥料區，均較對照區（未敷蓋施全量肥料）爲佳，各處理間差異顯著。第二更新期鳳梨園土壤理化性測定結果除殘株垂直敷蓋施全量肥料處理區外，較第一更新期皆有劣化現象。土壤有機質、有效性磷及交換陸鉀含量測定結果，各處理間差異均達顯著標準，皆以殘株垂直敷蓋施全量、2/3量肥料區較佳，土壤假比重、孔隙率導水率在試驗初期皆以翻犁區爲佳，各處理間差異顯著，至試驗後期則各處理間差異不顯著。土壤分散率、團粒穩定性、保水特性等測定結果，殘株敷蓋施全量、2/3量及1/2量肥料區均較對照區爲佳。第二更新期鳳梨產量除殘株垂直敷蓋施全量肥料區外，較第一更新期皆有減產現象。各處理問差異顯著，以殘株垂直敷蓋施全量及2/3量肥料區較高。二個更新期鳳梨殘株收量除殘株垂直敷蓋施全量肥料區外，均有下降現象，以第二更新期降低較多，敷蓋量直接影響水土流失、土壤水分含量、土壤理化性及鳳梨生育和產量，實施鳳梨殘株垂直敷蓋施全量肥料可維持殘株產量。綜上所述長期殘株敷蓋以垂直方式施全量肥料對土壤流失的控制，土壤水分的保持，土壤物理陸的改善及地力的維持或增進最佳，可促進鳳梨生育和提高其產量。其他殘株處理及對照區皆不可行。據試驗結果在近似本試區條件之坡地鳳梨園第一更新期利用鳳梨殘株敷蓋可節省1/3肥料用量，而第二更新期後，雖利用殘株敷蓋但減施肥料用量皆有減產現象。連續栽植鳳梨欲維持或增進其產量，需採用鳳梨殘株垂直敷蓋施全量肥料處理？

並列摘要

Using pineapple stubble stubble mulching on slopeland for pineapple orchard is the effective and economical method for soil conservation. In order to understand the long-term effectiveness, different methods of pineapple stubble mulching and different amount of fertilizer application were used in this experiment for studing their influences on soil loss, soil physico-chemical changes, pineapple growing and yielding. The results showed that all the pineapple stubble mulching treatments had better results to control soil erosion and to maintain soil moisture content than the clean cultivation and their effectiveness are in order of pineapple stubble mulching with whole amount of fertilizer application, 2/3 amount and 1/2 amount of fertilizer application. Except the treatment of pineapple stubble vertical mulching, all the treatments in the second renewal crop of pineapple orchard showed more deterioration soil physico-chemical than the first renewal crop of pineapple orchard. There were significant differences among the treatments in respect to soil organic matter, available P2O5, and exchangeable K2O. The treatments of pineapple stubble vertical mulching with whole amount or 2/3 amount fertilizer application showed the best results. In respect to soil apparent specific gravity, porosity and hydraulic conductivity, there were significant differences in the early stage of this experiment and plowing treatment showed the best. But there were no significant differences in late stage of this experiment. The results of testing for soil dispersion ratio, aggregate stability, and moisture retention characteristics showed that treatments of pineapple tubble mulching with whole amount of fertilizer application, and with 2/3 amount or 1/2 amount of fertilizer applications were better than clean cultivation. All the treatments in the second renewal crop pineapple orchard, except the treatment of pineapple stubble vertical mulching with whole amount of fertilizer, showed poorer yielding than the first renewal crop of pineapple orchard, and the treatments of pineapple stubble vertical mulching with whole amount of fertilizer or 2/3 amount of fertilizer showed the higher yielding than other treatments. In conclusion, the treatment of pineapple stubble vertical mulching showed the best results for controlling soil loss, maintaining soil moisture content, improving soil physical characteristics and the fertility of soil which could improve pineapple growing and yielding. The other methods of pineapple stubble mulching or clean cultivation showed no good results. In the slopeland like in this experiment, the first renewal crop of pineapple orchard can use pineapple stubble mulching with 1/3 reduction of fertilize rapplication. But in the second renewal crop, it is necessary to use pineapple stubble ver-tical mulching with whole amount of fertillizer application to prevent the reduction of yielding. Using this method, the pineapple can be grown in slopeland continuously and will maintain the good yielding.