水稻花藥培養後代雜種集團稻穀產量與產量構成因素之比較

Yield and Yield Components of Anther-Derived Plants from Hybrid Progenies in Rice

曾東海(T. H. Tseng) ； 陳治官(C. G. Chern) ； 黃真生(C. S. Huang) ； 察新聲(H. S. Tsay)

《中華農業研究》 40卷1期 (1991/03) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199103.0001

摘要

本試驗以梗稻雜交F1植株花藥培養所獲得之五個品系為親本，進行為數共十個組合之半互交，於民國76年第一期作及77年第一、二期作以其F1、F2、及F3植株與親本為材料，並以臺農67號品種為對照，於田間栽培試驗，採用逢機完全區集設計，重複三次，探討經花藥培養所得同質雙單元體之稻穀產量及其構成因素表現。試驗結果顯示，各品種間稻穀產量在第一期作之差異顯著，第二期則差異不顯著，第一期作之年度間差異亦不顯著；第一、二期作間稻穀產量之差異達顯著水準，但品種間於第一、二期作的表現並不一致。雜種優勢因組合而有正負頗大之差異，且各世代之表現不同，F1及F2各組合平均產量相似，且皆優於F3。特殊組合力以臺農育10077／臺農育12355及臺農育10077／臺農育12357組合較高，F1及F2之一般組合力以臺農育10077較佳，F3之一般組合力則以臺農育12363較佳，自交衰退率因組合而異，一般而言以F2較小，F3較大。產量與穗數在第一、二期作皆呈極顯著正相關，產量與稔實率、千粒重只在第二期作呈現顯著或極顯著正相關；稔實率與千粒重為顯著或極顯著正相關，穗數與穎花數呈負相關，穎花數與稔實率及千粒重為負相關。產量構成因素對產量之影響以穗數最大，其餘依次為穎花數、千粒重及稔實率。

關鍵字

花藥培養 ； 產量 ； 組合力 ； 雜種優勢

並列摘要

Five japonica rice strains derived from anther culture of F1 hybrids of different crosses were used for semi-diallel crosses to give 10 cross combinations. The five strains and their F1, F2 and F3 progenies were utilized to investigate the possible effect of compete homozygous dihaploidy on the performance of grain yield and yield components. Field experiments were conducted in the 1st crop season of 1987 and 1988 and in the 2nd crop season of 1988. Experimental results indicated that differences in grain yield among entries were significant in the 1st crop but insignificant in the 2nd crop season. There was no significant year effect on grain yield in the 1st crop. Pronounced differences in grain yield were observed between crops, however, the tendency was inconsistent among entries. Grain yield was comparable between F1 and F2 populations, and were higher than that of F3 plants. Either positive or negative heterosis was recorded and it varied among combinations and generations. In general, heterosis was higher for F1 and F2 than for F3 progenies. The cross combinations TNGY 10077/TNGY 12355 and TNGY 10077/TNGY 12357 showed higher specific combining ability. Strain TNGY 10077 was higher in general combining ability in the F1 and F2 while strain TNGY 12363 was higher in the F3 populations. Inbreeding depression also varied among cross combinations, and it was lower for F2 than for F3 genertions. Grain yield was positively correlated with panicle number per hill in both the 1st and 2nd crops, and with seed-setting rate and 1,000-grain-weight only in the 2nd crop season. Seed-setting rate was also positively correlated with 1,000-grain-weight. Negative correlations were observed between panicle number per hill and number of spikelet per panicle, and between spkelet number per panicle and both seed-setting rate and 1,000-grain-weight. The relative contribution of yield components to grain yield was in the order of panicle number per hill, spikelet number per panicle, 1,000-grain-weight, and seed-setting rate.

並列關鍵字

Anther culture ； yield ； combining ability ； heterosis