蘆筍花葯培養之全雄育種　Ⅱ．花葯來源單倍體植株染色體之倍加

Breeding for All-Male Plants through Anther Culture in Asparagus Ⅱ. Chromosome Doubling Techniques of Anther-Derived Haploid Plants

許家言(J. Y. Hsu) ； 賴本智(P. C. Lai) ； 葉常青(C. C. Yeh) ； 蔡新聲(H. S. Tsay)

《中華農業研究》 40卷1期 (1991/03) Pp. 102-114

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199103.0011

摘要

本研究之目的在探討蘆筍花葯來源單倍體染色體倍加的方法，所得結果摘錄如下：
1．單倍體莖頂培養之緊殖苗，經五次繼代培養後，約有6.0%可自然倍加成二倍體。
2．秋水仙鹼處理法：在溫室中使用羊毛脂塗抹法與棉花點滴法之倍加成功率為21.2~97.0%之間，其中以12%秋水仙鹼之羊毛脂塗抹法處理之效果最佳，連續處理六天每天一次，借加率可達97.0%。試管內之培養基法及浸漬法的倍加效果均較液體振盪法為高。其中以0.4%秋水仙鹼之培養基法或0.4%秋水仙鹼浸漬2小時兩個處理的倍加率較高，各為41.4%及45.0%。經倍加處理後所產生之高倍數體(polyploidy)、異數體(aneuploid)、混雜體(mixaploid)及細胞嵌合體(cytochimeras)的現象極少。但染色體之倍加效果易受外界環境影響而呈現不穩定的現象，且倍加效果因單倍體的來源不同而異。
3．利用單倍體莖頂培養於含有2mg/12:4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)之MS(Murashige and Skoog,1962)培養基中誘導之癒合組織，再繼代培養於分化培養基上，所獲得植株中有7.7%~50.0%的二倍體。且所獲得的二倍體發根有改善之現象。因此可解決部份超雄株發根困難之問題。
利用以上所述之方法，已可山花約培養所得之單倍體經染色體倍加後育成蘆筍之超雄株個體。

關鍵字

蘆筍 ； 花葯培養 ； 全雄育種 ； 染色體倍加

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to study various chromosome doubling techniques in order to obtain homozygous male and female asparagus plants from anther cultured haploids. Supermales have been successfully obtained through the following techniques:
1. Spontaneous doubling: Haploids were spontaneously doubled at a rate of 6.0 % through five times of subculturing the shoot tip meristem.
2. Colchicine treatment: Doubling ratio of 21.2-97.0% could be obtained from colchicine treatment on shoot tips of seedlings by means of lanolin method and spotting method in vivo. 1.2% colchicines-lanolin treatment for 6 times had the best doubling effect (97%) among all of treatments. In vitro, both coichicine containing medium method and coichicine solution soaking method resulted in better doubling rate than colchicine suspension method did. The best methods were 0.4% colchicine containing medium and/or soaking at 0.4% colchicine solution for 2 hr. However, the chromosome doubling effect was not stable. The incidence of polyploids, aneuploids, mixaploids and cytochimeras was low in all treatments.
3. Callus derived haploids: The shoot tip meristem of haploid was cultured in MS basal medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D to induce callus formation upon culturing in differentiate medium, the plantlets derived from the shoot tip-callus were homozygous diploids at a proportion of 7.7-50.0%. The doubling effect was more stable than that from colchicine treatment. Moreover, rooting was much easier for these diploid plantlets in tubes.

並列關鍵字

Asparagus ； Anther culture ； All-male breeding ； Chromosome doubling