檸檬之多胚性及雜交苗之鑑定

The Polyembryony and Identification of Zygotic Seedlings of Lemon (Citrus limon 〔L.〕 Burm. f.)

黃阿賢(A-Shiang Hwang)

《中華農業研究》 40卷2期 (1991/06) Pp. 225-232

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199106.0011

摘要

在果實發育中期及成熟期分別調查Eureka及Lisbon檸檬種子之胚數，發現不同植株或不同花粉親授粉之種子，其平均胚數在2個以下，成熟種子之單胚比率達44%至68%。以糖橙(Sugar orange)、柳橙及枳殼分別授粉於檸檬，雜交苗與株心胚苗間以葉片形態鑑別之；枳殼授粉者，雜交苗率達73%，糖橙及柳橙授粉者，不同雜交組合之雜交苗率介於27%至56%間，此應與親本間之葉片形態差異程度有關。由不同時期之胚數及雜交苗率調查結果，檸檬可稱之為少胚性的柑橘，可做為雜交育種的母本。上述以葉片形態鑑定之雜交苗，於1990年2月至4月觀察新稍的顏色，大部份均為與父本相同之綠色，新稍帶有檸檬之紫紅色或淡紫紅色者，以枳殼授粉者僅11%，甜橙授粉者介於22%至30%間，顯示除葉片形態外，以新稍顏色或上述二者同時鑑定檸檬與其他柑橘之雜交苗當較容易。

關鍵字

檸檬 ； 多胚性 ； 雜交苗 ； 葉片形態 ； 新稍顏色

並列摘要

The number of embryos of Eureka and Lisbon lemon was investigated during the development of the fruits. Open-pollinated fruits were harvested on June 5 and on June 21, and hybrid fruits were harvested in early August. All the mean number of embryos per seeds were less then 2.0, and 40% to 68% monoembryo seeds of hybrid fruits were found. These indicated that lemon contain low degree of polyernbryony. Zygotic seedlings of hybrid fruits were identified by leaf morphology, and seventy-three per cent zygotic seedlings of Eureka lemon crossed by trifoliate orange and 38% to 56% zygotic seedlings of lemon crossed by sweet orange were obtained. This variation might be influenced by the difference of leaf morphology among the pollen parents. The colours of growing shoot of these zygotic seedlings was observed from February through March in 1990, eighty nine to seventy per cent of the zygotic seedlings were green, and the others were purplish as the seed parent. The results showed that both the leaf morphology and the colour of young shoot could be used to distinguish the zygotic from nucellar seedings of lemon crossed by other citrus species.

並列關鍵字

lemon ； polyembryony ； zygotic seedling ； leaf morphology ； color of young shoot