臺灣原生山櫻花的需冷量評估

Chilling Requirement for Native Prunus campanulata Maxim in Taiwan

歐錫坤(Shyi-Kuan Ou) ； 陳琦玲(Chi-Ling Chen)

《中華農業研究》 51卷1期 (2002/03) Pp. 25-32

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200203.0003

摘要

臺灣原生山櫻花分布於全島500~2000公尺的闊葉林，其低溫需求量的評估是比較霧峰地區1996年至2001年六年來四個「桃樹關鍵栽培種」（'Flordared'、'Premier'、'TropicSweet'及'TropicSnow'等）與山櫻花間的花期早晚次序，再利用台灣需冷模式與三個國外需冷模式（即低於12.9℃的小時數、低需冷油桃模式與猶他低溫單位模式等三種）進行低溫感應起始日至休眠完成期與至盛花期兩個時段的需冷量評估。各關鍵栽培種經國外採用的三種不同低溫模式計算從感應低溫起始日至休眠完成或至盛花期，所得需冷量皆大都偏低很多，呈現冬天低溫不足的現象，其中＜12.9℃小時數模式所評估的需冷量則呈現偏高現象。經採用臺灣開發的低需冷模式(RCD)，評估結果皆較其他國外三個模式精確，對原生山櫻花完成休眠所需的需冷量評估為190CU。

關鍵字

山櫻花 ； 桃關鍵栽培種 ； 需冷量 ； 完成休眠期 ； 盛花期 ； 台灣需冷模式

並列摘要

Prunus campanulara Maxim. distributed in broad-leaved forests at 500-2000m throughout Taiwan. The chilling requirements for native P. campanulata Maxim had been determined by comparing blooming dates with ”4 peach key cultivars” ('Flordared', 'Premier', 'TropicSweet', and 'TropicSnow') at Wufeng from 1996 to 2001 for six years. Chilling requirement for key cultivars and P. Campanulata Maxim were calculated from the initial date of chilling to rest completion and full bloom by 4 different models which were named the number of hours below 12.9℃, low-chilling nectarine model, Utah chill-unit model, and Taiwan chilling model. The results revealed that the chilling requirements of key cultivars were insufficient during the warm winter at Wufeng. Using the Taiwan chilling model performed a higher degree of accuracy than other 3 foreign ones. The estimated result in terms of chill unit (CU) by Taiwan chilling model was 190 CU for P. campanulata Maxim.

並列關鍵字

Prunus companulata ； Peach key cultivar ； Chilling requirement ； Rest completion date ； Full bloom date ； Taiwan chilling model