甘藍菜以塑膠密封帳氣調貯藏之研究

A Study on Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Cabbage with Sealed Plastic Tent

黃肇家(Chao-Chia Huang) ； 黃慧穗(Huey-Suey Huang) ； 蔡金玉(Chin-Yu Tsai)

《中華農業研究》 51卷1期 (2002/03) Pp. 33-42

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200203.0004

摘要

本省夏天颱風季節常有蔬菜供應不足之問題，為此每年均有大量甘藍貯藏，但甘藍冷藏壽命只有約2個月，要利用冷藏將3月盛產之甘藍貯藏到颱風季節之可行性不高。氣調貯藏可以延長甘藍貯藏壽命，本研究在冷藏庫內設置塑膠密封帳並控制氣體濃度來貯藏甘藍，自民國85年到87年共測試3年。於3年試驗期間，塑膠氣調帳內氧氣濃度控制於2-6%之間，大部分為3±1%。二氧化碳濃度通常控制於3-5%之間，大部分為5±0.5%。乙烯濃度控制於0.1ppm以下。溫度控制較不理想，帳內之溫度通常比帳外高約0.7℃。經3年之試驗得知‘初秋’甘藍之冷藏壽命皆為2個月左右，影響冷藏壽命較大的因素包括失重率高、整修率高、貯藏後整修後之葉片色澤及鮮度不佳等。氣調貯藏貯藏壽命約為4個月，冷藏的一些問題如失重率高、貯後整修後之葉片色澤及鮮度不佳等，在氣調貯藏皆可有效的改善。其他品質如風味、切口發根之抑制，氣調貯藏比冷藏好一些。腋芽之發生在冷藏及氣調貯藏沒有差異，球莖切口腐爛、球莖空心及葉片產生黑斑在本試驗均無發生，因此未知氣調貯藏是否有較好之控制效果。甘藍氣調貯藏以紙箱或塑膠籃包裝在失重率、整修率或貯後品質均沒有顯著的差異，但以紙箱包裝於氣調貯藏後因紙箱潮溼軟化，搬動容易撕裂，因此以塑膠籃包裝較佳。氣調貯藏中有一部分甘藍切口沾石灰處理，主要的目的是要瞭解沾石灰對球莖切口腐爛的抑制效果，但是在兩次試驗都沒有發生球莖切口腐爛，因此無法得知沾石灰的效果。‘夏峰’甘藍之冷藏壽命也是2個月左右，氣調貯藏3個月品質仍然很好，但因球莖中心變空洞且褐化，使貯藏壽命縮短。

關鍵字

甘藍菜 ； 氣調貯藏

並列摘要

Shortage in the supply of vegetables during typhoon season has been a serious problem in Taiwan. Large quantities of cabbage are stored each summer as one of the means to overcome this problem. The storage life of 'Chu-chiu' cabbage stored under conventional method was about 2 months. It is unlikely to store March harvested 'Chu-chiu' cabbage, which are cheap and abundant, over the spring and release them at the typhoon season. However, it is possible to use controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to further extend the storage life of cabbage. This paper presents the result of three years (1996-1998) study on the CA storage of cabbage by using sealed plastic tent inside a cold storage room.
A 2m×2m×2m tent made of LDPE was set up inside a 0-1℃ cold room. The composition of atmosphere within the tent was maintained at 2-6% oxygen (mostly at 3%) and 3-5% carbon dioxide (mostly at 5%). Ethylene concentration was controlled below 0.1ppm using an ethylene scrubber. Due to lack of ventilation, the temperature inside the tent was always about 0.7℃ higher than outside. Our result indicated that 'Chu-chiu' cabbage, the major cultivar grown in Taiwan, had an average storage life of 2 months under conventional cold storage at 0-1℃ Factors responsible for the termination of storage life include: high weight loss, high trim loss, inferior color and freshness. Storage life of cabbage was extended to 4 months by using controlled atmosphere tent and the factors mentioned above were reduced effectively under CA. Other quality attributes including loss of flavor and rooting at cut end were also better controlled under CA. No difference was noted with regard to the occurrence of auxiliary buds. No significant differences were observed, with respect to weight loss, trim loss and post-storage quality, between using carton boxes or plastic baskets for storing cabbage under CA. However, carton boxes became soften and difficult to handle due to absorption of moisture. The storage life of another summer cabbage 'Sha-fung' was also about 2 months in cold storage and was extended to 3 months under CA storage. Its storage life was terminated due to hollow stem and stem browning.

並列關鍵字

Cabbage ； Controlled atmosphere storage