Brachyuran Crab Assemblages in Subtidal Soft-bottom Habitats of Taiwan

台灣亞潮帶軟質海底棲地之螃蟹群聚生態

薛攀文(Pan-Wen Hsueh) ； 黃冀麟(Peter K. L. Ng) ； 洪和田(Ho-Tian Hung)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 33卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 281-294

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.200609.0008

摘要

本研究於1994年8月至1995年7月間，進行了台灣亞潮帶軟質海底棲地之螃蟹區域分布模式與物種歧異度的調查。調查方式是於台灣東北㉃西南海岸之七個漁港中，各雇用一艘底拖漁船進行底拖採集。這些漁船的作業深度約為130 m （宜蘭南方澳）、20 m（新竹南寮）、20 m（台中梧棲）、10 m（雲林泊仔寮）、70 m（台南馬沙溝）、20 m（高雄彌陀）與10 m（高雄中芸）。本調查共採得26226螃蟹，分屬66種、14科。梭子蟹科採獲之種類數最多，佔總種數之38%，其次為玉蟹科(14.7%)與蜘蛛蟹科(13.2%)。所有螃蟹種類中，有6種的分布是局限於深水域，但多數梭子蟹具寬廣之分布範圍。深度與沙粒粒徑大小，分別為影響調查區域內螃蟹群聚結構之主要與次要因素。最深採樣區（宜蘭南方澳）之物種種類數最低，與其他調查區之物種歧異度的相似度亦最低。台灣西南近海海域的細沙海底，似乎有利高物種種類數與豐富量的存在，但物種歧異度則屬中等。然而，沙粒粒徑的影響強度可能會因不同物種群與生態系而有差異。

關鍵字

分布 ； 歧異度 ； 群聚結構 ； 亞潮帶螃蟹

並列摘要

Local distribution patterns and diversity of brachyuran crabs in subtidal soft-bottom habitats of Taiwan were studied from August 1994 to July 1995. Field sampling was done by hiring one fishing trawler from each of seven fishing ports located on coasts from northeastern to southwestern Taiwan. The operating depths of these fishing vessels were approximately at 130 m (Nan-Fang-Au), 20 m (Nan-Liau), 20 m (Taichung), 10 m (Bort-Zae-Liau), 70 m (Ma-Sha-Gou), 20 m (Mi-Tou), and 10 m (Jong-Yun), respectively. A total of 26226 brachyuran crabs were collected, representing 66 species and 14 families. The family Portunidae had most representative species, accounted for 38% of total number of species collected, followed by families Leucosiidae (14.7%) and Majidae (13.2%), respectively. Among all collected species, six may have local distribution range limited to deep-water station (NFA), whereas most portunids have wide distribution ranges. Depth and particle size were primary and secondary environment variables that influence the community structure of brachyuran crabs in the present geographic region. The brachyuran crab community in the deepest sampling station (NFA) had the lowest diversity and least similar in community structure to other sampling stations. Fine sediment habitats in southwestern coastal waters seem favor the presence of high species richness and great abundance of individuals but moderate diversity of the brachyuran crab community. However, the influence of sediment type on benthic community structure may vary between taxonomic groups and ecosystems.

並列關鍵字

Distribution ； Diversity ； Community structure ； Subtidal brachyuran crabs