The four newly recorded stromateiod fishes from waters adjacent to Taiwan are described on the basis of recently collected or discovered specimens, and a key to the four families and 11 species of the Stromateiodei in Taiwan is provided. Among them, vouchers of the Hyperoglyphe japonica (Centrolophidae), Cubiceps pauciradiatus (Nomeidae) and Ariomma brevimanum (Ariommatidae) confirmed the expected distribution in Taiwan, and Cubiceps kotlyari, with an extended distribution from the western tropical Pacific northward to Taiwan. C. pauciradiatus and C. kotlyari were rarely seen in the demersal trawling catches, whereas H. japonica and A. brevimanum were found occasionally at fish markets in Taiwan.