死亡威脅及自我覺察狀態對死亡逃避行為之影響

The Effects of Mortality Salience and Self-Awareness on Death-Avoiding

唐寧(Ning Tang) ； 顏志龍(Chih-Long Yen)

《復興崗學報》 99期 (2010/09) Pp. 1-17

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201009.0001

摘要

本研究的主要目的在於以「恐懼管理理論」(Terror Management Theory; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, &Solomon, 1986)為基礎，探討個體的自我覺察狀態(self-awareness)對其死亡逃避行為之影響。實驗操弄以穿著生化防護衣(CPC)誘發個體之自我覺察狀態，研究者認為當個體穿著CPC時，由於處於密閉狀態，因此可能誘發其自我覺察狀態，此自我覺察狀態可能使個體更加意識到死亡威脅，進而強化其死亡逃避反應。採用2×2二因子完全受試者間實驗設計，操弄「死亡威脅」（有、無）、「CPC」（有、無）等二個自變項；以死亡相關字詞反應時間作為依變項，並測量個體之自我覺察狀態。研究結果顯示穿著CPC時個體之自我覺察狀態較高，此外「死亡顯著性×CPC」在「死亡字詞反應時間」上有二因子交互作用效果。相較之下，面對死亡威脅時，穿著CPC的受試者因壓抑死亡訊息，在死亡字詞反應時間上的反應速度較未著CPC者來得慢；同時在著CPC時，個體面對死亡威脅時對死亡字之反應時間，亦比未面對死亡威脅時來得慢。上述結果支持了研究者之假設。

關鍵字

生化戰 ； 死亡 ； 生化防護衣 ； 近端防衛

並列摘要

Based on the proximal defense notion of Terror Management Theory, this study examined the effects of mortality salience and Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) wearing on death-avoiding. It is hypothesized that CPC may induce a state of self-awareness, thus people who wear CPC will exhibit a stronger tendency of death-avoiding than those who do not. A factorial complete randomized design experiment was conducted. 100 military officers were randomly assigned to 2×2 conditions (mortality salience/control group and CPC wear/not). Reaction time (RT) in death-related words and measurement of self-awareness were collected as dependent variables. The results revealed a main effect of CPC on self-awareness. A significant two way interaction effect of the ”mortality salience × CPC” on death-related words RT was also found. For those who wear CPC, mortality salient group reacted faster in death-related words than the control group. No such effect was found on no-CPC subjects.

並列關鍵字

chemical warfare ； TMT ； death