「穿制服的人」與制度化作用：軍人角色模塑的理論性探討

A Study to Explore Who Dressed in Uniform under the Institutionalized Effects: Hypothetical Constructs about Soldier Role Molding

錢淑芬(Shu-Fen Chien)

《復興崗學報》 99期 (2010/09) Pp. 45-80

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201009.0003

摘要

在軍事社會學的發展初期，即有人關注一般百姓入伍後，究竟是如何蛻變成為「穿制服的人」。但是，目前國內外這方面研究，同樣都面臨缺乏基礎理論的問題。本研究旨趣是對軍人的角色內涵進行理論性分析，從新兵之所以能夠蛻變成「穿制服的」正規軍人，其中所蘊涵的制度化作用著手。目的在於探討軍人角色在模塑功能上所具有的規格化標準，及提出能夠作為軍事社會化基礎理論發展的相關概念，並對概念間的邏輯關係提出若干的假設性構念。根據研究結果，歸納主要貢獻如下：（一）經由文獻回顧與研究脈絡的耙梳後，發現「軍人角色與模塑」是適合深入探究的研究方向。（二）從軍事社會化的場域特性、作用與效應等，推演出軍人角色模塑在構念發展上的重點，然後據此提出以下的基本概念，包括角色制度化、角色性格、全控性的組織作用力、軍事文化的規範性功能等，並說明這些基本概念的定義。（三）由於軍人角色係塑造官兵的重要鑄模，這鑄模的款式、內裝、外型與功能等，將直接影響官兵在模塑後會成為甚麼樣的軍人。所以在對上述概念間的邏輯關係進行推論性解釋後，提出軍人角色內涵與模塑功能的假設性構念，使軍人角色模塑能夠成為軍事社會化基礎理論的重要命題。（四）在對軍人的理想形象或角色的鑄模款式與設計，進行理論性探討後，提出角色內涵的代表性特徵，包括有勇氣與戰鬥意志、團隊意識與團結精神、盡責與服從精神、忠誠與榮譽成、愛國心與利他精神等。然後，對角色制度化與角色性格之間的邏輯關係，進行推論性解釋復提出假設性構念，意即軍隊希望透過角色制度化的作用，使官兵能夠在角色性格上形成這些共同特徵，成為真正「穿制服的」正規軍人。

關鍵字

假設性構念 ； 全控機構 ； 軍事社會化 ； 角色模塑 ； 角色制度化 ； 角色性格

並列摘要

In this essay the author considerably accentuated who wear uniform how to transmute into regular soldiers from new recruits under the institutionalized effect. With the purpose of developing theoretical foundation of the military socialization, intended to explore the relevant concepts. Another purpose, for framing hypothetical constructs, intended to systematize theoretical relations between these concepts. There are some results below: (1) According to references review, the soldier role molding should be one of significance research approaches to develop theoretical foundation of the military socialization. (2) With the intent of framing the constructs of soldier role molding, theoretically deduced the following concepts, including implications and casting function of soldier role、institutional isomorphism of role、role characteristics etc. (3) With a view to frame the hypothetical constructs about soldier role molding that can be used as propositions for theoretical foundation of the military socialization, theoretically systematize relations between these concepts of institutional isomorphism of role and role characteristics. (4) This essay gives attention to the formation of some role characteristics that are mutual within soldiers, the consequence of the institutional isomorphism of role. These role characteristics assumed that implying who dressed in uniform have transmuted into regular soldiers from new recruits. Therefore, This essay focuses the on the significance points of discussion on the implications and the casting function of soldier role by theoretical deduction. Future, according to aforementioned hypothetical constructs about soldier role molding, will focus on the analytic approach on the molding techniques about how to cast servicemen in a mold of soldier role in the process of military socialization.

並列關鍵字

hypothetical construct ； total institution ； military socialization ； role molding ； institutional isomorphism of role ； role characteristics