都市土地利用變遷對自然環境衝擊之空間影響分析

The Impact Assessment of Urban Land-use Change on Natural Environment by Spatial Analysis

鄒克萬(Ko-Wan Tsou) ； 黃書偉(Shu-Wei Huang)

《地理學報》 48期 (2007/06) Pp. 1-18

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2007.48.01

摘要

改變土地利用是都市發展過程中無可避免的現象，而且多數土地利用變遷也會對自然環境產生負面的衝擊，尤其是較容易受到地方性影響的都市溫度、地表逕流與都市棲地。雖然過去已有許多個案研究曾經探討都市土地利用對自然環境的衝擊，但是多數僅就單一環境指標探討，較難以了解全面性的衝擊；同時，可能因爲受限於缺乏較爲詳細、一致的都市土地利用變遷資料，所以一般也無法針對其環境衝擊進行較爲深入的空間分析，且不易掌握環境衝擊的空間特性。因此，爲了能夠更全面、深入地了解都市土地利用變遷對熱島效應、地表逕流與棲地多樣性等三個環境層面的空間衝擊特性，在本文中，我們發展出一個以GIS爲基礎的整合性研究架構，同時圈依據相關學術文獻，研擬適當的環境績效指標及其估計模式，藉以分析環境衝擊與分析其空間特性和關聯。研究過程中，本文以臺南市爲例，根據國土利用調查分類標準，先調查土地利用，並據此建置相關地理資料庫；接著再以1994年所建置之國土利用調查資料庫爲基礎，比較分析都市土地利用變遷與探討其環境衝擊特性。研究結果顯示，臺南市依環境變遷衝擊特性，可分爲六種群落分區，三個環境衝擊面向對市中心區均產生衝擊效果，整體環境衝擊影響較大。然而隨著與市中心距離越遠，熱島效應之地表溫度增加越大但地表逕流增加變化小，顯示都市發展有朝市中心外圍擴張之趨勢，棲地多樣性則在政策推動與法令規範地區有較高之多樣性指數。

關鍵字

土地利用變遷 ； 空間分析 ； 環境衝擊

並列摘要

The change of land-use in the city is unavoidable during the process for urban development. Most land utilization changes will produce negative impacts to the natural environment, especially to surface temperature, run-off and urban habitat which are easily affected by local factors. Although many case studies have already discussed about the impact to the natural environment for urban land-use in the past, most have focused on single environmental index rather than the comprehensive impacts. Meanwhile, possibly owing to the lack of more detailed and identical information of land-use change, most studies failed to explain spatial analysis more deeply and to master the spatial characteristics of the environmental impacts. Therefore, in order to understand the spatial impact characteristics of land-use change heat island effects, run-off and habitat diversity more thoroughly, this study not only developed a comprehensive study structure based on GIS techniques, but also established suitable indictors and estimation approaches for evaluating environmental performance and analyzing its characteristic and relation of the space according to relevant documents. This study first surveyed the land-use data in Tainan City and created a relevant geographical information database according to the classification standards of Taiwan Area National Land Use Survey. The study then compared the current database with the one established in 1994, analyzed the land-use change and the characteristics of environmental impacts. The result shows that the characteristics of environmental impacts can be divided into six clusters, and all three environmental impacts including surface temperature, run-off and urban habitat affect the city center area seriously. With the distance farther from the city center, the surface temperature change increases and the amount of run-off decreases. Such results indicate that the urban expansion has occurred and that the habitat diversity has higher values in areas with the practice of policies or ordinances.

並列關鍵字

land-use change ； spatial analysis ； environmental impact

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