機會與命運－苗栗南庄泰雅地區觀光發展辯證

Opportunity and Destiny-Dialectics of Tourism Development in Atayal Area, Nanjhuang, Miaoli

倪進誠(Chin-Cheng Ni)

《地理學報》 68期 (2013/04) Pp. 43-68

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2013.68.03

摘要

人地關係是地理學探討人與環境間互動的重要指導，回顧近年人地或空間理論後，發現人與環境並不呈現同等地看待，許多理論多將自然環境的侷限，化約為靜態或被動的空間作用者，或是僅視其為可預測的第二自然，但自然環境角色的諸多不確定性，卻少於空間理論中所述及。在近年來面對無法預知之地震、風災日益增多的臺灣地區，本研究為明瞭苗栗南庄泰雅地區觀光發展之演變辯證，借取行動者網絡理論的觀點，強調對非人類行為者的著重，並藉由著名大富翁遊戲為中介，利用其中「機會」與「命運」的設計為引喻，指稱觀光空間的發展時的不可確定之要素。研究採用文獻回顧、環境調查、深入訪談及問卷訪查等方法，結果發現透過時間軸線辯證，可將本區發展歷程約略分為觀光形成期、發展期、停滯期、轉化期、再停滯期及再轉化期，其中屬於車商廣告與超大風災的事件，應為此區無法預知之機會與命運轉折，直接影響投資回合的形成；此外，將自然環境納入與人類社群同等考量，藉此擴大權益關係人的盤算，發現其作為緊密的工作夥伴關係之外，更具有本體主動的意義；最後，利用空間三元論想法，演繹位於山區道路端點觀光地之獨特空間生產建構，以及自然環境所躍升的主導角色，來達成空間軸線的辯證。

關鍵字

觀光發展 ； 自然環境 ； 機會命運 ； 泰雅地區

並列摘要

The man-land relationship, one of the four traditions in geography, had well guided the interaction between the people and the environment, but the environment is just treated as a passive agent or the Second Nature by the recent theories. Owing to ignoring the characteristic of unpredictable situation or uncertainty for physical environments, it enhances this study to focus on the role of lands, especially in vulnerable regions. In Taiwan, hazards by the earthquake and the typhoon have usually destroyed the tourism industry, taking the Atayal area in Miaoli for instance to indicate the crucial factor of physical elements purposed. The study adopted the ideas of opportunity and destiny from the Monopoly game and the methods of the literature review, environment investigation, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey. The result presented there were six historical stages, including the formation, development, stagnation, transition, re-stagnation, and re-transition stages on tourism. Key elements for the change were found of the advertisement by the car dealer and the huge disasters by the nature hazard. Referring to the actor-network theory, the physical environment could be regarded as a subjective stakeholder along with the other factors in the tourism region. Finally, the result showed the spatial dialectics in practice through the conceptual triad in production of space by Henri Lefebvre.

並列關鍵字

tourism development ； physical environment ； opportunity and destiny ； Atayal area

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