古蹟地景、國族認同、全球化－以新加坡中國城為例

Heritage Landscape, Nation-Building, Globalization-Taking Singapore's Chinatown as an Example

張碧君(Pi-Chun Chang)

《地理學報》 71期 (2013/12) Pp. 29-47

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2013.71.02

摘要

本文以新加坡中國城作為古蹟地景的改造過程與再現為例，旨在檢視與對照官方對中國城改造的邏輯，以及關於國族認同建構的論述，並在當地進行深度訪談，藉以分析古蹟地景的認同意涵。第一部分介紹「中國城」的起源，作為一「種族化」空間的意義為何？作為西方獨特地景的中國城，與在華人為主要族群國家的中國城有何異同？以及對於過往關於「中國城」研究的討論。第二部分分析新加坡政府近年來關於國族建構具代表性的官方論述。第三部分闡述中國城歷年來的改造邏輯與歷史，以主要的執行單位：新加坡旅遊局與市區重建局這兩個政府部門的改造論述為主。新加坡旅遊局是在將新加坡打造為全球城市的政策下規劃中國城，市區重建局則是在將新加坡打造為「家」的論述下改造中國城，本文並置這兩個執行部門的保存與改造邏輯，正呼應了地景與認同日漸緊密的關係。第四部分對照國族建構、中國城地景改造，以及訪談居民的感受，並以此分析中國城的地景再現與認同意涵。最後，本文指出星國政府的國族建構，是試圖將在地全球化，來達成全球在地化的認同。

關鍵字

新加坡中國城 ； 古蹟地景 ； 國族建構 ； 全球化 ； 認同

並列摘要

Taking Singapore's Chinatown as an example, this study examines the official policy of conservation, as well as nation-building discourses, and conducts in-depth interviews with locals to analyze the representation of ”Chinatown” as a heritage landscape in relation to national identity in the context of globalization. This study comprises four sections. The first part examines the origin of ”Chinatown” and its meaning as an idea, a ”racialized” space, and a Western type of landscape. This section also reviews past scholarship on ”Chinatowns” in Western countries, and also in Singapore, to demonstrate the distinctions that exist between the two-considering most of the population of Singapore are Chinese. Secondly, this study analyzes the official discourses and policies related to nation-building. The third section delineates recent conservation policies implemented by the Singapore Tourism Board and Urban Redevelopment Authority. The fourth section compares nation-building discourses with conservation policies and in-depth interviews with locals. Finally, this study contends that Singapore's Chinatown has been constantly conserved and re-shaped based on different stages of globalization. While a racialized and orientalized Chinatown must find a way to survive globalization, globalization itself has become an integral part of nation-building.

並列關鍵字

Singapore's Chinatown ； heritage landscape ； nation-building ； globalization ； identity

參考文獻

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