應用裏覆肥料對茄科蔬菜産量及環境之影響

Effect of Coated Compound Fertilizer on Yields of Solanaceous Vegetables and Its Environment

吳登琳(Deng-Lin Wu) ； 今井秀夫(Hideo Imai)

《中國園藝》 44卷3期 (1998/09) Pp. 349-362

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.199809.0349

摘要

本報告是採日本進口一種新的裏覆肥料(Coated compound fertilizer, CCF)內含14-12-14%之N-P2O5-K2O肥料成分與尿素及硫銨等一般的常用單質肥料(Straight fertilizer, SF)作比較，研討施用此二種性質不同肥料對番茄與辣椒茄科作物果實産量及氮肥效率之影響。育苗土介質中施有100天期與140天期肥效全釋出形態之裏覆肥料，對番茄與辣椒幼苗全期生長並未因介質中含鹽份過高而生長受阻，反而于定植後，初期生長迅速且植株生質生産量均爲育苗土未施用之植株的1.5倍。比較含氮肥110kg/ha之裏覆肥料直接施於育苗土之處理與施含氮肥220kg/hg之一般的常用單質肥料處理結果，番茄鮮果生産量相同。此外若將裏覆肥料氮肥量由110kg/ha提升至147kg/ha，且肥料施用比照一般的常用單質肥料施入栽培畦中之方式，番茄果實之總生産量反而減少20%。辣椒試區之果實産量都維持在30噸／ha左右。但施用裏覆肥料對此作物試區中不同處理間之果實生産量，分析統計結果均無顯著性差異。將裏覆肥料直接施入育苗土內，對番茄作物可達80%以上之氮素吸收效率，而使用一般的常用單質肥料之氮素效率則只有40%，約60%之氮肥由作物栽培田流失。另辣椒作物用裏覆肥料之氮素利用效率也超過80%以上，但採用一般的常用單質肥料施用結果將導致45%以上的氮肥流失。番茄與辣椒施用裏覆肥料不僅可提高氮肥效率、減少蔬菜栽培田裡肥料之大量流失污染生態環境。並且也會降低蔬菜經濟栽培之生産成本，因此應用此氮肥管理技術之改進將有益今後蔬菜作物之研究發展方向帶入更嶄新，寬廣的農業永續性栽培。

關鍵字

裏覆肥料 ； 一般的常用單質肥料 ； 硝酸態氮 ； 泥炭蘚

並列摘要

A coated compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 14-12-l4, CCF) was compared with an ordinary straight fertilizer (SF) such as urea and ammonium sulfate in its effect on both tomato and chili pepper yields and the utilization efficiency by these crops. Seedlings which received coated compound fertilizer of 100 days- and 140days-dissolution types in their media did not show any growth retardation due to the so-called salt effect throughout the seedlings stage, and produced about 1.5 times as much biomass as those without receiving it. When CCF was applied directly to seedling media, only a half amount of CCF (N-110kg/ha) could produce tomato yields comparable to those of a full amount of SF applied (N-220kg/ha). However, even if the application rate of CCF was increased from 110 kg/ha to 147 kg/ha of N, the tomato yield decreased by 20% compared with SF when it was applied not to the seedling media, but to cultivation beds in the same manner as SF. CCF was similarly effective in the chili pepper, and produced nearly 30 ton/ha in almost all the plots without statistically significant difference among the treatments. More than 80% of CCF applied to the seedling media was utilized by tomato while at most, 40% of SF was absorbed by tomato, and the rest of the SF applied would be leached out of vegetable fields to its environment. In chili pepper, similarly the crop could utilize more than 80% of CCF applied, but nearly 45% of SF applied would be lost before being absorbed by the crop. Accordingly, CCF can not only minimize leaching-loss of eutrophied nutrients from vegetable fields, but also may reduce the total production cost of vegetables to a great extent.

並列關鍵字

coated compound fertilizer ； straight fertilizer ； NO3 ； peatmoss