養液鹽分對番茄果實產量、品質和植株生長的影響

Fruit Yield, Quality and Plant Growth of Tomato as Affected by Salinity of Nutrient Solutions

顏永福(Yung-Fu Yen) ； 林大村(Da-Shu Lin)

《中國園藝》 48卷1期 (2002/03) Pp. 25-32

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.200203.0025

摘要

本試驗目的爲研究養液鹽分對番茄果實產量、品質和植株生長的影響，以供生產高品質番茄栽培之參考。番茄品種‘桃麗’植株以滴灌系統栽培，營養液中添加NaCl至EC值分別爲2.0，4.0，6.0，8.0dSm^(-1)等4種鹽分處理，結果4種處理的番茄植株總果實產量分別爲3257、2908、2244、1890g/plant，其合格品果實產量分別爲2543、2153、1361、891g/plant，因此番茄的果實產量隨著處理的養液鹽分增高而減少，處理間有顯著差異。2和4dSm^(-1)兩者處理的總果實平均重分別爲87和83g/fruit，而合格品果實平均重分別爲114和110g/fruit，6和8dSm^(-1)兩者處理的總果實平均重分別爲61和53g/fruit，而合格品果實平均重分別爲98和96g/fruit，2和4dSm-1與6和8dSm^(1-)兩項處理間有顯著差異。比較鹽分處理對果實總收穫數的影響並無顯著差異，但高養液鹽分處理的合格品果實數較少。番茄植株經4、6和8dSm^(-1)養液鹽分處理者比2dsm^(-1)處理者的第3果房果實的可溶性固形物分別增加11、23和38%，第7~8果房果實則分別增加8、50和66%，因此愈高鹽分養液處理其可溶性固形物含量增加愈多。養液鹽分對番茄植株生育的影響爲6和8dSm^(-1)處理者的莖直徑、葉片面積和乾物重比2dsm^(-1)者的顯著較小，植株經4、6、8dSm^(-1)鹽分養液處理的莖徑由基部到頂端呈直線下降。由結果推論以4~6dSm^(-1)的養液鹽分處理番茄植株，可獲得較佳的果實品質和較少的生長抑制。

關鍵字

番茄 ； 產量 ； 葉面積 ； 可溶性固形物 ； 可滴定酸 ； 鹽分

並列摘要

”Taoli” Tomato were grown in pots and watered with 2, 4, 6, and 8 dSm^(-1) salinities of nutrient solutions by drip system. The results showed that fruit yield, quality and plant growth of tomato were affected by salinity of nutrient solutions. Total fruit yields of the plants treated with 2, 4, 6, and 8dSm^(-1) salinities of nutrient solutions were 3257, 2908, 2244, 1890g/plant, respectively; and total marketable fruit yield were 2543, 2153, 1361, 891g/plant, these were significantly difference. Average fruit weights of the plants treated with low salinities nutrient solution, such as 2 and 4dSm^(-1), were 87 and 83g/fruit, respectively; and treated with high salinities nutrient solution, such as 6 and 8 dSm-1, were 61 and 53 g/fruit, respectively; Among treatments there were significantly difference between low and high salinity treatments. The influence of salinity on average fruit weight of marketable there was same. Comparing total harvested fruits among treatments there were different insignificantly, but marketable harvested fruits there were different significantly. The influences of salinity of nutrient solutions on fruit quality appeared that of the higher the salinity, the higher the total soluble solids (TSS). The TSS of fruits of the 3(superscript rd) truss treated with 4, 6, and 8dSm^(-1) were 11, 23, and 38% higher than it treated with 2dSm^(-1), respectively, those of the 7~8(superscript th) trusses were 8, 50, 66% higher too, respectively. Stem diameters, leaf areas, and leaf dry weights of plants treated with 6 and 8dSm^(-1) were less than those treated with 2dSm^(-1). Stem diameters of the plants treated with 4, 6, and 8dSm^(-1) that appeared a linear decrease from base to top of plants. It is concluded that for balancing among fruit quality, yield and plant growth, plants are watered with 4~6 dSm^(-1) salinity of nutrient solutions recommended.

並列關鍵字

tomato ； yield ； leaf area ； total soluble solid ； titratable acid ； salinity