Anoectochilus formosanus is an important ethnomedical plant in Taiwan. Now they were massively propagated by tissue culture. But in vivo, they were susceptible to diseases and mites. This article is a review for those studies on A. formosanus in plant morphology, physiology, micropropagation, culture management, molecular biotechnology, and pharmacological activities. An attempt for reducing the need for insecticides and pesticides and for promoting survival rates for micropropagated plantlets in vivo of A. formosanus was highly expected. According to biological and pharmacological researches, the result of animal experimental showed that A. formosanus was useful for reducing hypertension and good for liver protection. These results indicate that A. formosanus has good potential as a healthy food.