臺灣豬肉安全制度管理探討－以病（斃）死豬犯罪防治爲例

豬肉爲國人重要蛋白質來源，其安全與國人健康相關密切。惟國內經常發生病（斃）死豬肉供人食用案件，如何提高豬肉安全實需深入探討改進。本研究由各縣市查緝病（斃）死豬案件資料中進行研究，希望能瞭解保障豬肉安全政之可行手段，提供政府及產業部門參考，期能解決病（斃）死豬處理，提高現行肉品安全水準。本研究利用「司法院法學年各地方法院對病（斃）死豬案件資料檢索系統」搜集2000-2005之判決，並利用「農委會」、「財團法人中央畜產會」、「畜產行情資訊網」及「各縣市重要統計指標查詢系統」等畜牧、社會、經濟統計資料進行討論，透過財產權犯罪模型之設定，實證上結果發現透過生產規模數量控制可能有助於抑制病死豬犯罪。其中小型養豬場由於生產成本過高、無安全管理技術等因素，較易發生病（斃）死豬犯罪事件，而中、大、超大型養豬戶數可能具有較多人力、資金、技術處理病（斃）死豬，因此戶數增加反而能減緩犯罪發生。豬價上漲將提高犯罪經濟誘因。毛豬在養頭數增加會增加犯罪誘因，因此可採減養政策。警力運作則是次佳解決犯罪方法，建議成立農業警察，投入農業安全防制。家戶收入增加將減少犯罪，隱含所得低地區較可能誤食病死豬，因此有必要在低所得地區投入較多預算人力防制犯罪。失業率的上升，使犯罪減少推論病死豬犯罪可能由單一犯罪事件形成一項地下產業。本研究證明行政管制手段及經濟誘因防制皆可解決犯罪，惟經濟誘因效果較大，建議擴大實施具經濟誘因之產業政策如豬隻保險等措施以減少犯罪。

關鍵字

食品安全；病死豬； Tobit迴歸模型；截斷式迴歸模型；犯罪

並列摘要

Due to diagnostic techniques improvement, consumers' increased demand for safer foods, new sources of food and purchasing more prepared food, food safety becomes one of the most important issues facing the agricultural industry. Each Taiwanese consume pork about 40kgs every year, pork safety is very important to Taiwanese's health. Taiwan's government established food safety management system by direct order controlling method. Lack of monitoring ability, there are many problems in safety management system, especially the criminal events that hog dying of disease marketing around the country. We analysis some social, economics and firms characteristics to find out the reasons and deterrence factors about these illegal marketing affairs. First, we set up a hog dying of disease marketing crime model. Second, we try to find out the proper social, economics and firm characteristics variables. Third we regress the truncated regression model and Tobit model with these variables on crime supply variable. Then, we find that crime can be prohibited by decreasing the amounts of small hog farms, by decreasing the amounts of feeding hogs, by increasing police budget. We also find that increasing the amounts of larger hog farms, income of family, unemployment rate, lowering the hog whole sale price, the police effort in violence crime investigation can also decrease the hog dying of disease marketing crime.