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環境溫度對台灣土雞種母雞產蛋與繁殖性能影響

Effects of Ambient Temperature on Laying and Reproductive Performance of Taiwan Country Chicken Female Breeders

摘要


This experiment was carried out to study the effects of ambient temperature on the laying production and reproductive traits of Taiwan Country Chicken Breeder hens. Forty-eight Taiwan Country Chicken Breeder hens, 48 wks old, line BXDXL2 bred by Dept. of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, were divided into 3 groups of four hens, according to egg production and body weight. Each group of hens was made four replicates and housed in one of three different ambient temperature: (1) Constant high temperature (34±1℃), (2) Constant moderate temperature (24±1℃), and (3) Natural variable temperature (24-36℃) respectively. The birds were raised in wire cage with a light dark schedule of 15:9 hr. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The experimental period was four weeks. The results indicated that body weight loss was significantly increased (p<0.05) and feed consumption was significantly decreased (p<0.05) when birds were raised under constant high ambient temperature. The egg production rate, egg weight, fertility, hatchability and chicks body weight in constant high ambient temperature treatment was lower (p<0.05) than those in other two treatments. In quality of egg shells, shell weight percentage, shell breaking strength, shell thickness and egg specific gravity in constant moderate temperature group was the best among three groups and in constant high temperature group was worst. In internal quality of eggs, albumin weight and yolk weight of eggs in constant high temperature group were significantly lower (p<0.05) and haugh units was significantly higher (p<0.05), egg shape index and egg yolk index were no difference among environmental temperature treatments. In blood traits, blood hematocrit and concentrations of sodium, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, globulin, thyroxine, estradiol of plasma in constant temperature were significantly lower (p<0.05), the concentrations of plasma of birds raised potassium and rectal temperature of birds received contant moderate temperature were significantly lower (p<0.05) among treatments.

並列摘要


This experiment was carried out to study the effects of ambient temperature on the laying production and reproductive traits of Taiwan Country Chicken Breeder hens. Forty-eight Taiwan Country Chicken Breeder hens, 48 wks old, line BXDXL2 bred by Dept. of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, were divided into 3 groups of four hens, according to egg production and body weight. Each group of hens was made four replicates and housed in one of three different ambient temperature: (1) Constant high temperature (34±1℃), (2) Constant moderate temperature (24±1℃), and (3) Natural variable temperature (24-36℃) respectively. The birds were raised in wire cage with a light dark schedule of 15:9 hr. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The experimental period was four weeks. The results indicated that body weight loss was significantly increased (p<0.05) and feed consumption was significantly decreased (p<0.05) when birds were raised under constant high ambient temperature. The egg production rate, egg weight, fertility, hatchability and chicks body weight in constant high ambient temperature treatment was lower (p<0.05) than those in other two treatments. In quality of egg shells, shell weight percentage, shell breaking strength, shell thickness and egg specific gravity in constant moderate temperature group was the best among three groups and in constant high temperature group was worst. In internal quality of eggs, albumin weight and yolk weight of eggs in constant high temperature group were significantly lower (p<0.05) and haugh units was significantly higher (p<0.05), egg shape index and egg yolk index were no difference among environmental temperature treatments. In blood traits, blood hematocrit and concentrations of sodium, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, globulin, thyroxine, estradiol of plasma in constant temperature were significantly lower (p<0.05), the concentrations of plasma of birds raised potassium and rectal temperature of birds received contant moderate temperature were significantly lower (p<0.05) among treatments.

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