有機大豆與甘藷生產成本與收益之研究

The Production Costs and Revenues of Organic Soybean and Sweet Potato

黃炳文(Biing-Wen Huang) ； 林秀霙(Shiow-Ing Lin) ； 林佩慧(Pei-Hui Lin) ； 蔡永輝(Tsai Yong-Huei) ； 謝宜婷(Yi-Ting Hsieh) ； 陳映廷(Ying-Ting Chen)

《農林學報》 66卷3,4期 (2018/12) Pp. 187-199

https://doi.org/10.30089/JAF.201812_66(3_4).0006

摘要

雜糧的生產對於台灣糧食安全有著重要貢獻，然有機雜糧的正式成本收益調查尚不完備，為促進有機雜糧的發展及農政單位推展的參考，故本研究目的將以有機雜糧登錄較多的有機大豆及有機甘藷為研究對象，探討其生產投入與產出收益，並與慣行經營成本收益比較。本研究運用2018年「有機農場農業經營模式之研究」資料，分別訪查30、29戶有機大豆及甘藷農民，經調查統計得知有機大豆平均每公頃產量分別為1,111公斤，低於慣行產量；平均每公斤生產成本為122.34元，平均每公斤售價為149.11元，此等均高於慣行大豆的成本與售價；平均每公頃大豆所得（含自家勞動報酬及設算之地租與利息）為73,077元，高於慣行大豆的所得。而有機甘藷平均每公頃產量分別為12,990公斤，低於慣行產量；平均每公斤生產成本為20.30元，平均每公斤售價為69.15元，此等亦均高於慣行甘藷的成本與售價；平均每公頃甘藷所得為736,425元，高於慣行甘藷的所得。雖有機甘藷所得看似較高，但其銷售型態主要為自售，與慣行契作方式有所差異，有機投入於後端銷售的時間高，該成本並未於本研究呈現，且有機田間管理耗時，受限人力致實際種植面積並不易擴大。

關鍵字

有機大豆 ； 有機甘藷 ； 生產成本與收益

並列摘要

The production of coarse grains has an important contribution to Taiwan's food security. However the formal survey of the production costs and revenues of organic grains farming still has not been implemented. In order to develop the organic grains farming and provide the reference data for the agricultural authority, the objectives of this study are to analyze the production inputs and outputs of organic soybeans and sweet potatoes farming, which are major crops of organic coarse grain. The results will be compared with the conventional soybeans and sweet potatoes farming. The survey data of ＂Agricultural Operation Models of Organic Farms in 2018＂will be adopted. There were30 and 29 respondents respectively who had planted organic soybeans and sweet potatoes in 2017. The statistical results show that the production quantities of per hectare soybeans were 1,111 kg. These quantities were lower than those of conventional planting soybeans. The per kilogram production costs were NT$122.34. The per kilogram sale prices were NT$149.11. These kinds of costs and prices were higher than those of conventional planting soybeans. The per hectare soybeans family incomes, including family labor remuneration, land rents, and capital interest, of organic soybeans were NT$73,077, which were higher than those of conventional soybeans. Furthermore, per hectare sweet potatoes were 12,990 kg. These quantities were lower than those of conventional planting sweet potatoes. The per kilogram production costs were NT$20.30. The per kilogram sale prices were NT$69.15. These kinds of costs and prices were higher than those of conventional planting sweet potatoes. The per hectare sweet potatoes family incomes of organic sweet potatoes were NT$736,425, which were higher than those of conventional sweet potatoes. Although the family incomes of organic sweet potato seems to be higher, its sales type is mainly for self-sale. Its spent much time on organic product sales, but the cost is not presented in this study. Because of time-consuming on farm management and short supply on manpower, the actual planting area of organic sweet potatoes is not easy to be enlarged.

並列關鍵字

Organic soybeans ； Organic sweet potatoes ； Production costs and revenues