以行動者網路概念探討水梯田復育之治理模式

The Governance Model of Rice Terrace Restoration: An Actor-Network Perspective

官美吟(Mei-Yin Kuan) ； 彭立沛(Li-Pei Peng)

《農林學報》 66卷3,4期 (2018/12) Pp. 201-220

https://doi.org/10.30089/JAF.201812_66(3_4).0007

摘要

全球化的影響下，臺灣的農業環境丕變，引發農田廢耕及農村高齡化等多重危機，田間管理人力成本高的水梯田首當其衝。然而水梯田仍有其生態、水保及文化景觀的功能，近來已受到政府與環境團體的重視而進行保育的工作。過去一般認為水梯田復育是政府的責任，本研究則強調水梯田復育乃涉及水梯田自身及其復育過程的異質行動者改變，因此是一種動態的網絡治理歷程。本研究以新北市八煙聚落為個案，透過實際觀察與深度訪談來瞭解水梯田復育的網絡治理歷程及脈絡。本研究採取多層級關係尺度的行動者網絡分析架構，建構水梯田復育的網絡治理的結構形態。研究發現，在行動者網絡中，非人的水圳與水梯田為強制通行點。非營利組織為水梯田網絡治理中多重促成實作的行動者與主要中介，亦逐漸提升組織自身的制度能力。而未來農村社區自主的能力仍會是水梯田復育工作的挑戰。

關鍵字

網絡治理 ； 水梯田復育 ； 行動者網絡理論 ； 里山

並列摘要

Under globalization, agriculture in Taiwan is facing severe crises, such as fallow paddy fields and an aging population in rural areas. Because of the high labor costs, rice terraces are the first to bear the brunt of these drastic changes. As terraced rice fields rapidly vanish, a number of its crucial functions, including ecological protection, soil and water conservation, and cultural landscaping, are also disappearing. Recently, the significant roles that rice terraces play in these areas have earned the attention of government agencies and environmental groups, which has resulted in field conservation work. Although previous studies have argued that rice terrace restoration is the responsibility of the government, none of the available studies have examined the effects of network governance on the restoration work. This paper addresses the concerns of the dynamic process of network governance by analyzing the changes of the rice terrace itself as well as the associations between the field and the heterogeneous actors during the restoration. To assess the structural morphology of governance networks during the restoration work, this paper focused on the Bayien settlement in New Taipei City as the study case using multiple methods of data collection, combining in-depth interviews and observations. This study sets an analytical framework for the actor-network theory to form governance networks of rice terrace restorations. Results indicate that non-human irrigation ditches and rice terraces establish themselves as an obligatory passage point in the actor-network. Additionally, non-profit organizations served as intermediaries and actors that promote multiple practices in the governance networks of the restoration. These associations also gradually increased their institutional capacity during this process. Findings from this study suggest that the autonomy of rural communities plays an important role in the restoration work except for the functions of irrigation ditches, rice terraces, and non-profit organizations.

並列關鍵字

Governance networks ； rice terrace restoration ； Actor-network theory ； Satoyama