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Effect of Hopper Angles on Jamming Probability in 2-Dimensional Hoppers
並列摘要
We study the jamming phenomenon of granular flow in 2-dimensional (2D) hoppers of different shapes defined by their two hopper angles (Φ1 and Φ2 with Φ1．Φ2). An automatic flipping platform is constructed to repeatedly generate the gravity flow of 700 metal disks falling through a 2D container in which the 2D hopper is installed. The jamming probability JΦ1Φ2(d), which is defined as the ratio between the number of jamming events and the number of trials, is measured as a function of the hopper opening d for different hoppers. We find that JΦ1Φ2(d) decreases with increasing d and Φ1,2. However, for asymmetric hoppers, JΦ1Φ2(d) depends more strongly on Φ1 than on Φ2. For the very sharp hopper with Φ1 = 75° and Φ2 = 90° , a very steep decrease in JΦ1Φ2(d) is observed at d ＜~ 3. For 3 ＜ d ＜ 3.5 a small plateau region in JΦ1Φ2(d) is found.
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