林農參與平地造林之態度分析－以屏東縣及花蓮縣為例

為提高台灣之森林覆蓋率及森林碳匯成效，政府自2002年起即推出一系列獎勵農民參與平地造林的計畫，除大幅提高獎勵金外，並放寬最小申請面積與造林成活率等規定。雖已提出諸多政策誘因，卻未能全面達成預期目標。對此，本文擬研析實際參與平地造林的林農特質、其經營狀況，與對政策的接受度，俾供未來制定相關政策之參據。研究區域之選取係因各縣市參與平地造林之面積，以花蓮縣與屏東縣為最多，爰蒐集該二縣於2002－2008年間參與平地造林之林主清冊，發送問卷進行訪查。調查內容包括：參與狀況、林地管理情形、樹種選擇，以及對於平地造林政策的支持等。回收問卷計有花蓮縣208份，屏東縣164份，回收率為84%。研究結果顯示：林農參與平地造林的主要原因為：老年無力、農作收入有限或地力不佳，以及非經濟因素考量等三者；造林獎勵金的高低，雖會影響造林意願，卻非投入造林之主因；大多數林農認為現行之獎勵辦法限制頗多，有必要予以調整；由於新手林農對於樹種之認識有限，舉凡未來林木價值與處分方式等相關資訊，反而被其視為迫切需要。故本文建議：現行政策的執行成本既然過高，為提升地方政府與小農地主的參與意願，中央主政機關宜從調整產業政策著手，同時應加強輔導林農，建立有效之諮詢管道。

關鍵字

綠色造林；林農；造林獎勵；問卷調查

並列摘要

For the sake of improving the ratio of forest coverage and forest carbon sink in Taiwan, the government has implemented plain afforestation policy and offered subsidies to the owners of private agricultural land, marginal land, and woodland in the past 15 years. Since 2002, the implementation has been accelerated further by means of increasing the amount of subsidy quite substantially, lowering the threshold of forestland area and loosening the requirements for planting survival rates. However, the policy goals were not completely achieved while a few incentive regulations had been adopted. This study is therefore purposed to analyze the attitude of landowners participating plain afforestation in terms of their backgrounds, forest management statuses, tree species selection and acceptance of the policy, in order to be used as a reference for enacting the relevant policy someday. The research data were collected through a questionnaire survey filled out by landowners who took part in plain afforestation in Hualien County and Pintung County between 2002 and 2008, since the two counties have most areas of plain afforestation in Taiwan. The amount of effective questionnaires received is 208 from Hualien and 164 from Pintung respectively, i.e. the effective returns-ratio reaching 84%. The results show that the main three motives of participators contain old-age consideration, low profit caused either by cheap agricultural crops or by poor land productivity, and non-economic concern. This means that afforestation subsidy is merely one of the factors affecting participators' willingness, not as important as the key facto r. Most participators consider that the current incentive regulations need to be simplified as more as possible. They also look forward to receiving the information in relation to the disposal and the value of their woods years later, due to many of them being novices at forestry. Therefore, the paper suggests that the central authority should, in the first instance, set up sufficient consulting channels from which landowners can acquire enough knowledge such as tree species selection, silvicultural practices and trees protection from insect and pest diseases. It is also necessary to adjust wood industry policy because the transaction cost at present is too high to promote the participation willingness of local governments and small woodlands owners.

並列關鍵字

Green afforestation policy ； forest landowner ； afforestation subsidy ； questionnaire

國際替代計量

林農參與平地造林之態度分析－以屏東縣及花蓮縣為例

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