西班牙巴斯克恐怖主義之發展與限制

巴斯克恐怖組織一艾塔經常藉由破壞製造恐怖，並謀害憲警人員、部隊軍官和政府官員，因此歷任西班牙政府莫不將巴斯克恐怖組織視為心腹大患。巴斯克左派激進份子為求目的目的不擇手段的極端做法，致使西班牙在民主化過程當中，不但必須面對中央與地方分權的爭議，也不斷遭受巴斯克恐怖主義對內部安全穩定的挑戰。隨著冷戰的結束和歐盟勢力的擴張，巴斯克恐怖主義終於面臨各方圍剿的命運。由於艾塔無法藉由巴斯克民族主義政黨的勢力東山再起，而西班牙政府卻可藉由歐盟的助力，以及日益緊密的國際合作，共同打擊飽受抨擊的巴斯克恐怖主義。在巴斯克民族主義籌碼漸失之時，艾塔也已面臨進退失據的窘境。

關鍵字

西班牙；民主化；巴斯克；分離意識；艾塔；恐怖主莪

並列摘要

The Basque terrorist organization in Spain-the ETA-engages in terrorist activities through sabotage and murder of military police, military officers, and governmental officials. Therefore, the Spanish government views the organization as a serious threat to the country. During the period of democratization, the radical deeds of the Basque leftists forced the Spainish government to face not only serious disputes between centralism and decentralization, but also the threat from ETA to the security and stability of the country. Along with the end of the Cold War and the expansion of European Union, now the Basque terrorism faces attacks from all sides. Now that Basque nationalism is losing its influence, the ETA is in a dilemma. Given that the ETA could no longer stage a comeback through the Party of Basque Nationalism, the Spanish government can deal with this problem with the help of the European Union and international cooperation.