Household Food Security Status Measured by the USHousehold Food Security/Hunger Survey Module (USFSSM) is in Line with Coping Strategy Indicators Found in Urban and Rural Indonesia

印尼城市及鄉村的家戶糧食安全狀況以美國家戶糧食安全／飢餓調查模數（US-FSSM）測量與因應策略指標的發現一致

Avita A Usfar ； Umi Fahmida ； Judhiastuty Februhartanty

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 16卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 368-374

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2007.16.2.24

摘要

2004年2月至2005年8月印尼的兩個城市及四個鄉村區域，有五個研究以美國糧食安全／飢餓調查模數（US-FSSM）評估糧食安全。被評估的家戶數目有3,704，由45%的城市及55%的鄉村所組成。所有的家戶均有五歲以下的兒童。本文的目的為評估採用US-FSSM測量印尼家戶糧食不足的適用性。被討論到常見的因應策略有：從家庭借錢、多找一份工作、食物份量變小及販售小部分的資產。雖然在城市以及鄉村的家戶有類似的兒童及男性人數；但城市的家戶收入較有保障、教育程度較高及能使用到較多的家電用品。大部分的家戶有糧食不足（城市及鄉村分別為77%及84%）的情形。在鄉村地區，有較多的糧食不足家戶，不管有無飢餓狀況。在US-FSSM的問題中18題有17題的回答為肯定的，大部分是鄉村家戶，指出有糧食不足的不幸案例。當糧食安全狀況變得更嚴重時，有較高比例的家戶會使用已知的因應政策。在一定的糧食安全狀況下，較高百分比的家戶為低程度，高程度間因應比例較少。合併糧食安全及因應政策指標有助於確認短暫糧食安全家戶。連續觀察兩種指標在同一年的不同時間點的差異，可以進一步確認慢性糧食不足家戶的適應機制。家戶糧食多樣性的資訊可以加強飲食攝取的改變的發現，由糧食安全轉變為營養安全。

關鍵字

糧食安全 ； 印尼 ； 因應策略 ； 城鄉區域

並列摘要

The food security assessment used by the United State's Food Security/Hunger Survey Module (US- FSSM) was used in five studies: these were in two urban and four rural areas in Indonesia between February 2004-August 2005. The number of households assessed was 3,704 and consisted of 45% urban and 55% rural. All households had children below five years. This paper aims to assess the applicability of US-FSSM for measuring household food-insecurity in Indonesia. Common coping-strategies discussed are to borrow money from the family, get an additional job, to lessen portion size of food, and to sell small assets. Although households in urban and rural areas were similar in size/number of children and male headed; the urban households were more income-secure, educated, and had better access to electrical appliances. A majority of the households was food-insecure (77% and 84% in urban and rural consecutively). More food-insecure households without and with hunger were found in rural areas. The number of affirmative responses to 17 out of 18 questions in the USFSSM was more in the rural households, showing less fortunate cases of food-insecurity. For a given coping strategy, as food-security status becomes more severe, the higher the percentage of households employing it. For a given food-security status, percentage of households was higher among lower-degree and less among higher-degree coping. Combining food-security and coping-strategy indicators may help to identify transientfood-secure households. Observing both indicators throughout different time of the year continuously may further identify adaptive mechanism by chronic-food-insecure households. Information on household food diversity could enrich findings on dietary intake modification, hence moving from food-security to nutrition-security.

並列關鍵字

food security ； Indonesia ； coping strategies ； urban and rural setting