Dairy Intake and Cognitive Health in Middle-Aged South Australians

澳洲南澳省中年人的乳製品攝取與認知功能健康

Georgina E Crichton ； Karen J Murphy ； Janet Bryan

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 19卷2期 (2010/05) Pp. 161-171

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2010.19.2.02

摘要

背景：攝取低脂乳製品可能會降低肥胖、第二型糖尿病、高血壓以及所有與增加認知功能受損機會相關的心血管危險因子。目的：檢測乳製品的攝取與自述認知功能及心理安適之間的相關，並且檢定新的假說：乳製品的攝取經由它對於心血管代謝健康的正向效應可能會對認知功能有助益。方法：藉由年齡為39至65歲的432位男性與751位女性的飲食頻率問卷及自述健康狀況的資料進行回溯性橫斷分析。健康狀況的測量包括：心血管代謝健康狀況指標、認知及記憶功能、心理健康、焦慮、壓力、沮喪及自尊心等，藉由標準化的問卷來進行評估。結果：調整總熱量的攝取及其他健康干擾因子的迴歸分析結果顯示，在男性方面，攝取低脂優格與提昇記憶回想（p=0.029）以及較佳的社會功能（p=0.045）有關。在女性方面，攝取低脂乳酪與較佳的社會功能（p=0.021）及降低壓力（p=0.042）有相關。全脂乳製品的攝取，包括：冰淇淋以及鮮奶油，與增加沮喪、焦慮、壓力、認知功能受損、較差的記憶功能及整體健康有關（所有的p值皆小於0.05）。但心血管代謝健康狀況指標與乳製品的攝取則無關。結論：雖然全脂乳製品可能與較差的心理安適有關，但是低脂乳製品可能對社會功能、抗壓及記憶力是有助益的。需要飲食介入試驗來探討乳製品的攝取是否對認知功能與心理健康有直接的效應。

關鍵字

乳製品 ； 牛奶 ； 認知功能 ； 心理健康 ； 代謝症候群

並列摘要

Background: Consumption of low fat dairy foods may decrease the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and all cardiovascular risk factors linked with increased probability of cognitive impairment. Aim: To examine associations between dairy intake and self-reported cognitive function and psychological well-being, and to test the novel hypothesis that dairy consumption may benefit cognitive health via its positive effects on cardiometabolic health. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analyses were undertaken on data from food frequency questionnaires and self-reported health of 432 men and 751 women, aged 39 to 65 years. Health measures included cardiometabolic health indicators, cognitive and memory functioning, mental health, anxiety, stress, depression and self-esteem; assessed by standardised questionnaires. Results: Regression analyses, adjusted for total energy intake and other health confounders, showed that consumption of low fat yogurt was associated with increased quality of memory recall (p=0.029) and greater social functioning (p=0.045) in men. Consumption of low fat cheese was associated with greater social functioning (p=0.021) and decreased stress (p=0.042) in women. Intakes of whole fat dairy products, including ice-cream and cream, were associated with increased depression, anxiety, stress, cognitive failures, poorer memory functioning and general health (all p＜0.05). There was no association between cardiometabolic health indicators and dairy consumption. Conclusions: Low fat dairy may have beneficial effects on social functioning, stress and memory, while whole fat dairy may be associated with poorer psychological well-being. Dietary intervention trials are needed to establish whether there is a direct effect of dairy consumption on cognitive and psychological health.

並列關鍵字

dairy products ； milk ； cognition ； mental health ； metabolic syndrome