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Evidence for Under-Nutrition in Adolescent Females Using Routine Dieting Practices

青少女使用一般節食方法所致營養不良的證據

摘要


漸增的年輕人肥胖盛行率是西方國家重要的公共衛生議題之一。雖然議題的重點是要減少肥胖,但矛盾的是,這些活動的成功卻可能造成不健康的營養習慣。本研究的目的是調查體重控制方法的使用及其對青春期女性健康的影響。研究對象是澳洲新南威爾斯州的雪梨北部及中部海岸地區中等學校之482位,14至17歲的青少女,檢測她們的生理及生化指標,並以「學校體能活動及營養調查(SPANS)」的部分問卷收集她們對體重控制方法使用的資料。使用變異數分析法加以比較。過去『經常使用』體重控制方法之參與者,其平均BMI為22.5(標準差為3.7),屬健康的。比較『從未使用』、『偶爾使用』與『經常使用』減重方法的三組參與者之間的血液指標,結果顯示『經常使用』體重控制方法者之血液中有顯著較低的血色素、鹼性磷酸酶、膽色素、白蛋白、總蛋白、血鈣值;但是有較高的肌酸苷及血鉀濃度。這些資料顯示,正常健康體重的青少女使用一般的體重控制方法可能造成代謝的差異,其生化指標顯現輕微的慢性營養不良狀況。

並列摘要


In Western countries the increasing prevalence of obesity in young people is a major public health concern. While the focus has been on reducing obesity, paradoxically the success of these campaigns may result in unhealthy nutritional practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the use and impact of weight control techniques on the health of adolescent females. Using Analysis of Variance we compared physiological and biochemical markers of health against responses to a modified, Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (SPANS) in 482 adolescent females (14-17 yrs) from secondary schools in the northern Sydney and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia. Participants who 'often' used weight control methods had, on average, a healthy BMI of 22.5 (SD=3.7). However, comparison of blood derived markers between participants who 'never', 'occasionally' or 'often' used weight reduction techniques showed that, those who 'often' used weight control methods had significantly lower haemoglobin (p<0.05), alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001), bilirubin (p<0.05), albumin (p<0.05), total protein (p<0.05), and calcium (p<0.05), but higher blood levels of creatinine (p<0.05) and potassium (p<0.05). These data suggest that the use of common weight control techniques by healthy weight adolescent females can produce a metabolically divergent group whose biochemical markers are consistent with subtle levels of chronic under-nutrition.

並列關鍵字

adolescent nutrition diet fads BMI alkaline phosphatase

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