The Effectiveness of Fortified Flour on Micro-Nutrient Status in Rural Female Adults in China

营养强化小麦面粉对农村成年妇女微量营养素状况的影响

Jun-Sheng Huo ； Jing Sun ； Jian Huang ； Wen-Xian Li ； Li-Juan Wang ； Lilian Selenje ； Gary R Gleason ； Xiao-Dong Yu

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 20卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 118-124

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2011.20.1.17

摘要

本研究的目的是评估营养强化面粉对贫困农村地区成年妇女微量营养素状况的作用。项目选择国家级贫困县围场进行3年强化面粉营养干预。干预组为4,700名农民，由项目组通过退耕还林补贴方式，提供多种微量营养素强化的小麦面粉，同时对照组2,750名农民食用未强化的面粉。面粉中强化的营养素及其在每公斤面粉中的用量为維生素A 2 mg、維生素B1 3.5 mg、維生素B2 3.5 mg，尼克酸35 mg、叶酸1 mg、铁20 mg、锌25 mg。从对照组和干预组各选择约300位妇女，年龄为20-60岁的自愿者，并在干预前及每12个月进行血液样品的收集，检测血红蛋白、血清视黄醇、血清铁、游离原卟啉、血清锌，且每6个月进行血红蛋白检测和膳食调查。平均每人每日强化面粉摄入量为117 g，从而使强化的营养素之平均摄入增加并达到充足水平。干预组血红蛋白水平在24-36月间明显 高于对照组，且贫血率从基线的15.1%下降到36个月的10.8%。与对照组和基线相比，干预组血清铁在12-36个月间显著增加，而游离原卟啉则从24至36月显著下降。干预组血清视黄醇和血清锌从12-36月显著比基线和对照组高。结果显示强化面粉对中国贫困地区成年妇女的微量营养素状况具有改善作用。

關鍵字

小麦面粉 ； 营养强化 ； 营养干预 ； 微量营养素 ； 贫血

並列摘要

This research was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fortified flour on micronutrient status in poor rural adult women. A total of 4,700 farmers as the intervention group were supplied with multi-nutrient fortified wheat flour for three years, while 2750 farmers as the control group were supplied with unfortified wheat flour. Wheat flour was fortified with vitamins A, B-1, B-2, niacin, folic acid, iron and zinc in mg/kg at 2, 3.5, 3.5, 35, 1, 20 and 25, respectively. Blood samples were taken at baseline and annually from about 300 volunteer adult females aged 20-60 years in each group. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum retinol, serum iron, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum zinc were measured annually and a dietary survey conducted every 6 months. Average intakes of fortified micronutrients increased to adequate levels with average consumption of fortified flour at 117 g per person per day. Intervention groups showed a significant increase in terms of Hb levels from 24 m to 36 m and anemia rate decreased from 15.1% at baseline to 10.8% at 36 m. Serum iron levels of the intervention group significantly increased from 12 m to 36 m and erythrocyte protoporphyrin decreased from 24 m to 36 m respectively. Serum retinol and serum zinc of intervention group improved significantly from 12 m to 36 m compared with baseline and control group. The results showed that the fortified flour could improve micronutrient status of adult females in poor rural region.

並列關鍵字

wheat flour ； fortification ； intervention ； micronutrients ； anemia