Trends in Chinese Snacking Behaviors and Patterns and the Social-Demographic Role between 1991 and 2009

中國居民1991-2009年零食攝入行為和模式的變遷與社會人口因子的角色

Zhihong Wang ； Fengying Zhai ； Bing Zhang ； Barry M Popkin

《Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition》 21卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 253-262

https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2012.21.2.13

摘要

本文旨在调查中国居民零食摄入行为和模式的动态变迁。利用中美合作课题“中国健康与营养调查”1991年、2004年、2006年和2009年的四轮调查数据，研究对象为2岁及以上的人群，且有完整的社会经济和人口数据及连续3天24小时膳食回顾数据。应用Logistic多元回归模型调查了社会经济因素对零食摄入行为的影响。结果显示1991-2009年间中国各年龄人群的零食摄入率、每日零食摄入频次、零食提供能量占总能量的百分比均呈显著的增加趋势，自2004年后增加极为迅速。零食摄入行为在儿童、高收入人群、高教育水平人群和城市居民中较为盛行。晚餐后是选择吃零食比较多的时间。在选择零食的人群中，零食供能比占总能量的4.1%-12.3%。水果、谷类和饮料是最经常的零食选择，也是各年龄组人群中提供能量最多的零食种类。本研究表明中国居民传统的每日两或三餐正在向每日正餐和零食摄入共存的模式变迁。零食摄入行为和模式的变迁对中国居民营养状况的影响有待进一步深入研究。

關鍵字

零食攝入行為 ； 零食模式 ； 中國人 ； 社會人口因素 ； 趨勢

並列摘要

This study investigates the dynamic shifts in snacking behaviors and patterns in China. Using four waves (1991, 2004, 2006, and 2009) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), with full socioeconomic and demographic data and 3-day, 24-hour dietary recall data, 45,402 individuals age two and older were studied. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine the association of social-demographic factors on snacking behaviors. Results show that snacking prevalence, frequency of daily snacking occasions, and percentage of total daily energy intake (EI) from snacks increased significantly across all ages between 1991 and 2009, with a dramatic increase after 2004. Snacking was much more prevalent among children and higher-income, urban, and educated populations over time. Evening was the preferred snacking occasion, and the proportion of total daily EI from snacks varied between 4.1% and 12.3% for all snackers. Fruits, grains, and beverages were the most popular snacks and the highest contributors to snacking EI over all age groups. A marked transition from a tradition of two or three meals per day toward meals combined with snacks is underway. Further research is needed to develop a better understanding of the nutritional implications of Chinese snacking behaviors.

並列關鍵字

snacking behaviors ； snacking patterns ； Chinese ； social-demographic factors ； trend