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Differential dietary habits among 570 young underweight Japanese women with and without a desire for thinness: a comparison with normal weight counterparts

570名日本對“瘦”渴望與否之體重過輕女性之差異化飲食習慣:與正常體重者相比

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摘要


日本社會對於“瘦”的強烈社交壓力,造成年輕女性體重過輕者(身體質量指數<18.5 kg/m^2)一個戲劇化的增加。體重過輕與好幾個負面健康結果相關,包含營養缺乏、骨質疏鬆以及不良的姙娠結果。然而,以公共衛生角度去解決這個問題的證據卻相當稀少。在此,我們旨在找出體重過輕的女大學生其飲食特性,特別是那些對瘦渴望者。以自填式問卷收集日本54所學術機構學生的飲食習慣及其它生活變項,包含對瘦的渴望,最後選出3634名女學生進行分析。研究對象分成正常體位(84.3%)、渴望瘦的體重過輕者(6.4%)及不渴望瘦的體重過輕者(9.3%)。在校正潛在的干擾因子後,比起正常體位者,渴望瘦的體重過輕者攝取較少的穀物及飯,反之,不渴望瘦的體重過輕者攝取較多穀物及飯。此外,不渴望變瘦者比起體位正常者攝取較少甜食,包含糖果及冰淇淋、與較少油脂。這些結果意味對瘦是否渴望的體重過輕者,其飲食習慣不同。儘管兩組都需要營養教育以維持適當的體重,但是渴望瘦的體重過輕者需要特別的關注,以改善他們對體位及飲食習慣的認知。

並列摘要


The strong social pressure for thinness in Japanese society has produced a dramatic increase in underweight (body mass index: <18.5 kg/m^2) among young women. Being underweight is associated with several negative health outcomes, including nutritional deficiency, osteoporosis, and unfavourable pregnancy outcomes. However, evidence which would help deal with this problem from a public health perspective is scarce. Here, we aimed to identify the dietary characteristics of underweight female university students, particularly those with a desire for thinness. Data on dietary habits and other lifestyle variables, including the desire for thinness, were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire survey conducted at 54 academic institutions in Japan, from which we selected 3634 female students for analysis. The subjects were divided into three groups of normal weight (84.3%), and underweight with (6.4%) or without (9.3%) a desire for thinness. After adjusting for potential confounders, the underweight subjects with a desire for thinness consumed less cereal and rice, whereas those without a desire for thinness consumed more cereal and rice than the normal weight subjects. In addition, those without a desire for thinness consumed less confectionaries, including candies and ice cream, and less fats and oils than the normal weight subjects. These results suggest that dietary habits differ between underweight women with and without a desire for thinness. Although both groups require nutritional education to maintain appropriate body weight, underweight women with a desire for thinness require particular attention to improve recognition of their constitution and dietary habits.

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