Family Structure, Age, and Gender as Determinants of Adult Health Behavior

家庭結構，年齡和性別影響成人健康行爲之探討

李蘭(Lee-Lan Yen) ； 季瑋珠(Wei-Chu Chie) ； 江永盛(Yung-Sheng Chung) ； 楊志良(Chih-Liang Yaung) ； 呂槃(Laura P. Lu)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 9卷1期 (1989/03) Pp. 1-13

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1989-09-01-01

摘要

一個以『家庭』爲基礎的健康調查，自民國76年7月迄民國77年6月止，共完訪1,580個家戶和2,656位18歲以上成人。據本家戶係按人口比例以系統集束抽樣步驟，從台灣北部地區選出，共計50個村里。經臺灣省政府衛生處支援，調派16位訓練有素的公共衛生護士，於接受爲期三天的訓練後，每二人編成一組分別前往預定地點進行家戶訪視工作。
本研究目的在探討成人的健康行爲和家庭結構，年齡組，及性別等變項之間的關聯性。重要結果歸納如下：(1)調查對象屬擴大家庭者比核心家庭者吃早餐的頻率高，而且年長者比年輕者吃早餐的頻率高；(2)男性比女性攝取高鈉食物的頻率高，而且年輕者比年長者的攝取鈉的頻率也高；(3)就65歲以上的調查對象而言，屬擴大家庭者較核心家庭者從事運動的頻率高，同時男性所報告的運動頻率也比女性高；(4)從事休閒活動的頻率隨年齡臉增長而遞減，30歲以上的調查對象中，男性的參與頻率顯著高於女性；低年輕者比年長者的睡眠時間長；(6)男性比女性目前有抽菸的比率高；(7)男性目前有喝酒的比率較女性爲高。
『家庭結構』變項對於成人健康行爲的影響力在本研究中發現甚微，與預期結果相去甚遠。若按『成員組成』將家庭分成『擴大家庭』或『核心家庭』的類別時，家庭功能（如家人支持）無法有效地被偵測出來。欲瞭解家庭對成員的健康行爲是否具有影響力，需對反應家庭功能的指標（建議利用『家庭關懷』指數）再做探討。整體來說，成人健康行爲中需加強的項目爲規律地運動，減少高鈉食物的攝取，除去抽菸和喝酒的習慣。

並列摘要

A family-based health survey in northern Taiwan was conducted from July 1987 to June 1989, in order to determine whether adult health behavior is associated with family structure, age category, and gender. 1,580 households (2,656 adults) were selected from 50 subwards, proportionally according to population size. Trained public health nurses from the Taiwan Provincial Health Department were assigned to administer health surveys and take physical measurements according to standardized protocols. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Subjects in extended families had breakfast more frequently than those in nuclear families, while young subjects tended to have breakfast less frequently than older ones. (2) Male and younger subjects reported higher frequencies of sodium consumption than female and older subjects. (3) Subjects over 65 living in extended families performed physical exercise more often than their counterparts in nuclear families; males reported exercising more frequently than females. (4) Recreational activity decreased with age: among subjects over the age of 30, males reported significantly greater recreational activity than females. (5) Young subjects tended to sleep more than older ones. (6) Smoking was more prevalent among males than females. (7) Drinking was more prevalent among males than females. The study indicates that family structure plays a weak role in determination of adult health behavior; using the classifications of ”nuclear” or ”extended” families for household structure, no significant effect on health behavior could be detected. In order to understand the effect of family on the health behavior of individuals, additional indicators of family characteristics which may influence health behavior need to be investigated.

並列關鍵字

muclear family ； behavior