台灣魚貝類食品中之海洋生物毒

Marine Toxins in Marine Food

黃登福(Deng-Fwu Hwang)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 19卷1期 (1994/01) Pp. 85-99

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.199401_19(1).0008

摘要

魚貝類之營養價值很高，但某些魚貝類可能含有天然海洋生物毒，食用上要加以注意。海洋生物毒最為人所熟悉的，首推河魨毒和麻痺性貝毒，最近在國內亦常引起水產物之食物中毒事件，本文首先說明近十年在台灣發生食用水產物之中毒案例，進而說明各案例之中毒原因物質，如河魨毒和麻痺性貝毒。其次針對台灣產24種河鲀之毒性和毒成分提出說明，並就其加工品之衛生問題提出研究成果。另外說明水中生物對河鲀毒和麻痺性貝毒之耐性，以及有毒螺類之毒性和毒成分，螺類含毒之生理意義及其可能之毒化機制。

關鍵字

海洋生物毒 ； 河鲀毒 ； 麻痺性貝毒 ； 熱帶性海魚毒 ； 食物中毒

並列摘要

It is well known that tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) are the two most toxic marine toxins as Na(superscript +) -channel inhibiting neurotoxins. Recently, several cases of food poisoning due to ingesting the marine animals were reported in Taiwan. The causative agent in these food poisoning cases was found to be TTX or PSP. In this connection, 24 species of puffer collected in Taiwan were examined for toxicity and toxic components. It was found that the toxicity of puffer collected in Taiwan was quite different from that of others reported. All the toxins obtained from several toxic puffer species showed to be TTX, anhydrotetrodotoxin (anh-TTX) and 4-epi-TTX. Some products manufactured from puffer also showed mild toxicity. Further, marine and freshwater mollusk had higher susceptibility to TTX and PSP than did fish and crustacea. Meanwhile, several species of the gastropod mollusk Naticidae (moon shells), Nassariidae and Muricidae were found to contain TTX and anh-TTX. There was no relationship between the toxicity and the count of each bacteria genus or the total viable count in the moon shell.

並列關鍵字

Marine toxins ； tetrodotoxin ； paralytic shellfish poison ； ciguatera ； food poisoning