膳食中之抗致突變物及其作用機制

Review on the Dietary Antimutagens and Their Mechanisms of Action

陳惠英(Hui-Yin Chen)顏國欽(Gow-Chin Yen)

《中華民國營養學會雜誌》 21卷3期 (1996/08) Pp. 323-338

https://doi.org/10.6691/JCNS.199608_21(3).0009

摘要

近年來的流行病學調查指出人類癌症的發生與膳食攝取有相當重要的關聯，而許多研究也自鹽漬魚肉、發酵蔬菜、燒烤肉類、黴菌感染之食物等分離鑑定出多種致突變成分。雖然膳食中含有致突變物質，然而膳食中也含有許多可以提供保護作用之抗致突變物。流行病學資料顯示，經常攝食某些食品，特別是水果與黃、綠色蔬菜與減少某些腫瘤的危害有關。目前已被證實具有抗致突變性的膳食成分包括纖維、多酚類化合物、類黃酮化合物、類胡蘿蔔素、維生素、黃豆蛋白、微量金屬和植物化學物質等。而這些抗致突變物質之作用機制相當複雜，其可作用於致突變物及其活化物、代謝活化系統、細胞修復系統或是抑制癌細胞生長等。由於瞭解膳食與癌症的關連對於癌症的預防相當重要，因此在本文中將詳加叙述膳食中之抗致突變物質及其作用機制。

關鍵字

致突變物 ； 抗致突變物 ； 作用機制 ； 去致突變物 ； 生物抗致突變物

並列摘要

Epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between several types of human cancer and particular kinds of diets. In recent years, a considerable number of mutagens has been isolated and identified from salted fish, fermented vegetables, fried meat, and food contaminated by mold. However, recent research indicates that the human diet may also contain a number of antimuta-gens as well. Human epidemiological data indicate that frequent consumption of certain foods, especially fruits and green and yellow vegetables, is associated with reduced risk for some tumors. Some components in foods, such as fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, soybean protein, trace minerals, and phytochemicals, are reported to possess antimutagenic activity. The actions of antimutagens may include multiple mechanisms, including interaction with mutagens or their metabolites, inactivation of metabolism enzyme, modulation of cell replication, or inhibition of tumor cell growth. Therefore, the food-associated antimutagens and their mechanisms of action are important knowledge for prevention of cancer and will be discussed in this article.

並列關鍵字

mutagens ； antimutagens ； mechanisms of action ； desmutagens ； bioantimutagens