莊子的語言哲學及表意方式

Zhuangzi's Philosophy of Language and Way of Expression

刁生虎(Sheng-Hu Diao)

《東吳哲學學報》 12期 (2005/08) Pp. 1-62

https://doi.org/10.29732/SJPS.200508.0001

摘要

莊子語言哲學是一個豐富、系統而又深刻的理論體系。它不僅發現了「不可說」（「道不可言」）這一哲學話語困境，並進而探討了產生這一語言困境的內在根源（「成心」之存在；「道」之本性；「言」之對象化）；而更為重要的是，它發現了哲學「說『不可說』」（「言而足，則終日言而盡道」）這一獨特的歷史使命，把哲學的沉思由「說什麼」（「可說」還是「不可說」）轉向了「怎麼說」（「思維的說」還是「詩意的說」）；其方法和路徑便在於使哲學言說方式從「思維的說」（「俗言」－「成心」之言）轉向「詩意的說」（「道言」－「道心」之言－「三言」），從而使哲學話語一變理性邏輯、主客二分的對象化語言（概念語言）而為直覺體悟、天人合一的非對象化語言（隱喻語言），從而克服「不可說」這一語言困境，完成其「說『不可說』」的哲學使命。莊子哲學言說的隱喻性質，決定了《莊子》文本具有濃厚的詩思融合之特質。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 語言哲學 ； 表意方式 ； 語言困境 ； 哲學使命 ； 道言 ； 三言 ； 隱喻

並列摘要

Zhuangzi's philosophy of language is a rich, systematic and deep system of theory. It has found the predicament of philosophy discourse which can't be spoken of, and gone a step further to discuss the subject and object reasons of which the predicament of language comes into being. What's more, it has found the unique mission of history that philosophy has to speak the unspeakable, and changed the meditation of philosophy from what to say to how to say; and its method is to make the philosophical speech transfer from rational speaking to poetic speaking. By this way, Zhuangzi has turned the philosophical speech from concept language to metaphor language. And by this way, Zhuangzi has overcome the predicament of language and accomplished the mission of philosophy. The metaphor nature of Zhuangzi's philosophical speech has led to the feature that text of Zhuangzi mixes poetry and thought.

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi ； Philosophy of Language ； Way of Expression ； Predicament of Language ； Mission of Philosophy ； Tao Language ； Three Kinds of Spoken Languages ； Metaphor

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