成就動機、測試焦慮特質與情緒指標、測試焦慮狀態的相關研究

Test Anxiety as Independent Variable and Dependent Variable: Trait-Test-Anxiety and State-Test-Anxiety

林清山(Chen-Shan Lin)

《教育心理學報》 11期 (1978/06) Pp. 37-48

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19781201.4

摘要

在本研究裏，實驗者將「測試焦慮特質」視爲人格特質之，與「成就動機」同樣作爲自變項：將「測試焦慮狀態」視爲到壓力情境之行爲反應，與EKG，GSR同爲依變項，以探討人格特質組型與測試行爲組型之間的關係。利用「加州人格品質量表」(CPI)的Ac和Ai量尺，以及「測試焦慮特質問卷」(TTA)，自82名大學生中挑選48名受試者，分爲「高成就動機低測試焦慮級」(HL)、「高成就動機高測試焦慮組」(HH)、「低成就動機低測試焦慮組」(LL)、和「低成就動機高測試焦慮組」(LH)等四組，接受WISC「記憶廣度」模擬測驗。實驗者記錄受試者測驗時的EKG和GSR，並於測驗即後，讓受試者反應「測試焦慮伏態問卷」(STA)的題目。經多變項變異數分析和典型相關分析結果，顯示：(1)成就動機與測試焦慮特質兩個自變數之間並無交互作用存在。(2)成就動機高低不同，或測試焦慮特質高低不同，測試焦慮狀態並無差異存在。(3)成就動機（Ac和Ai）、測試焦慮特質(TTA)等人格特質組型，與EKG、GSR、測試焦慮狀態間卷得分(STA)等測試行爲組型之間並無典型相關存在。這些證據顯示可支持「人格量數與情緒生理指標無關」的說法。由於本研究發現GSR量數與STA得分之間並無正相關存在，筆者建議應將測試焦盧狀態分爲「生理成份」和「知覺成份」兩部分，分別加以觀察。前者爲測試時客觀的生理激發狀態，後老爲測試後主觀的回憶式內省報告，二者不可混爲一談。

並列摘要

Forty-eight undergraduates, classified into groups HL (High achievement motivation & tote trait-test-anxiety), HH, LL and LH by means of CPI and TTA (Trait-test-anxiety Questionnaire), were sued as subjects, to investigate the relationship between personality measures and indices of state-teat-anxiety. The state-test-anxiety was operationally defined by measures of EKG and GSR assessed during laboratory ”Digit Span” testing, and STA (State-test-anxiety Questionnaire) score obtained immediately after the termination of each experiment session. The results of multivariate analysis of variance and canonical correlation analysis showed: (1) that there was no interaction effect between Achievement Motivation and Trait test-anxiety; (2) that there was no predicted difference between high motivation group and low motivation group, or- bight anxiety group and low anxiety group; and (3) that there was no significant canonical correlation between the pattern of personality measures and the pattern of state-test-anxiety indices, It was thus infered that personality measures were not the important deter minants of state-test-anxiety. Since there was no significant positive correlation between GSR measures and STA scores, it was suggested that the state-test-anxiety must be further classified into two parts, the physiological component objectively measured during testing and the physiological component objectively perceived and reported by subject immediately after testing.