我國國小及國中學生的智力發展

The Growth of Intelligence of Chinese School Children

簡茂發(Maw-Fa Chien)

《教育心理學報》 14期 (1981/06) Pp. 125-147

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19810601.9

摘要

本文所述係一項三年連續性的發展研究，其目的在於探討我國國民教育階段中兒童及青少年智力發展的情形。研究對象取自臺北市和臺北縣兩所國民小學及兩所國民中學的學生。橫斷研究的樣本有2115人，縱貫研究的樣本有654人。研究工具為「瑞文氏非文字推理測驗」和「修訂魏氏兒童智力量表」。本研究主要的發現有四：(一)國小及國中學生在智力及其組成能力的發展上，皆有隨年級升高而遞增的共同趨勢，且其增長情況相當穩定。(二)智力發展的速度以國小前段為最高，國小後段次之，國中階段較緩。(三)國小及國中學生的智力與學業成績均有顯著的相關；智力與數學成績的相關高於其與國語文成績的相關。(四)語文智力比非語文智力易受各種相關因素之影響，對學業成績也具有較大的決定作用。

並列摘要

This is the third-year report of a convergence study on the intellectual development of Chinese children and adolescents in their school years. The subjects, 2115 students for the cross-sectional approach and 654 students for the longitudinal approach, were drawn by stratified sampling from two elementary schools and two junior high schools in Taipei area. Proressive Matrices and The Chinese Revision of WISC-R were adminitered to the subjects. The obtained data were statistically treated by analysis of variance, trend analysis, t test, and Pearson product-moment correlation.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. The test scores for global intelligence and primary mental abilities of Chinese school children tended to increase with increasing age.
2. The growth of intelligence of Chinese school children was most rapid in primary grades and tended to increase thereafter at a progressively decreasing rate.
3. There was significant correlation between intelligence and academic achievement of Chinese school children. In addition, verbal intelligence correlateed much more highly than nonverbal intelligence with academic achievement in various subject-matter fields.