我國國小及國中學生音樂性向之研究

A Study on the Musical Aptitude of Chinese Student

盧欽銘(Ching-Ming Lu) ； 陳淑美(Shoo-May Chen) ； 陳李綢(Li-Chou Chen)

《教育心理學報》 14期 (1981/06) Pp. 149-159

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19810601.10

摘要

在當前文化建設聲中，發掘音樂資賦兒童並提早予以有系統的培養，為資賦優異教育很重要的一環。近年來國內國民中小學音樂實驗教學正蓬勃發展，為因應性向鑑定的需要，本研究在發展出一套適合我國國民小學及中學學生之綜合音樂性向測驗。此測驗可得音調記憶、強度辨別、音調動向、節奏辨別、音高辨別、曲調欣賞、音調認識、節奏認識及總分等九項測驗分數，以描述學生之各種音樂能力。項目分析、信度、效度及內部相關等方面的分析，顯示本研究所發展之音樂性向測驗具有良好測驗之特質。根據國小及國中學生4225人（男生2055人，女生2170人）在音樂性向測驗上九項測驗分數，分別進行2（性別）×3（年段）的變異數分析結果顯示：一、由國小中年級，而國小高年級，乃至國中階段，學生音樂能力隨著年級而增加。二、由國小中年級，而國小高年級，乃至國中階段，男生與女生的音樂能力的差異，益趨顯著。最後，本研究乃根據上項結果，分別制訂國小中年級、國小高年級及國中等三個年段男生、女生及男女合計之T分數常模及百分位數常模，以供解釋音樂性向結果之用。

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were mainly two. The first one was to develop a standardized musical aptitude test for identifying musically talented students who can profit most from and contribute most to music activities. The second one was to explore the characteristics of musical aptitude of students. This battery consists of eight subtests: tonal memory, intensity discrimination, tonal movement, rhythm discrimination, pitch discrimination, melodic taste, pitch imagery and rhythm imagery. The samples 4225 in number are drawn from grade 3 to grade 9 from 13 elementary and 13 junior high schools in Taiwan area.
The main results of the study were as follows:
1). The mean scores of musical aptitude test increased with age level among chinese school students.
2). There were gradually increasing differences between sexes from 3rd grade to 9th grade on the mean scores of this test.
3). Percentile and T score Norms were found. Data on retest reliabilities, intercorrelations and discriminant validities between the talented students and the normal group were generally satisfactory.