我國國民教育階段中兒童及青少年親子關係的發展

A Study on the Parent-Child Relationship of Chinese School Children

陳淑美(Shoo-May Chen)

《教育心理學報》 14期 (1981/06) Pp. 173-187

https://doi.org/10.6251/BEP.19810601.12

摘要

本研究係「我國國民教育階段中兒童及青少年身心發展研究計劃中的一部分，旨在探討國民教育階段中兒童及青少年所覺知的父母教養態度隨年級增加的變異情形、男女學生知覺中父母教養態度的性別差異及其與各項人格品質的相互關係。研究對象包含國小一年級至國中三年級學生2112人，男女各半。研究結果發現：(1)男女學生知覺中父母的教養態度是多方面的，其中父母「寬鬆」態度，各年級間並無顯著差異，而「愛護」態度，各年級間的平均值雖不相等，但無一致增減的趨勢，至於「拒絕」、「精神獎勵」、「物質懲罰」等態度大致呈現隨年級下降的傾向，尤以「命令」態度，顯示逐年穩定遞減的變異趨勢。(2)父母的各項教養態度，在男孩和女孩的知覺中似無明顯差異，唯男孩所覺知的「物質懲罰」和「命令」態度較女孩所知覺的為多。(3)兒童及青少年所覺知的父母「愛護」、「拒絕」、「精神獎勵」、「物質懲罰」和「命令」等教養態度和子女的自我觀念，內控信念，情緒穩定性及問題行為等人格品質間均有顯著相關。

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the variant trends of parental childrearing practices through the perception of children. Another purpose was to find out the relationships between the parental child-rearing practices and the presonality development of children. 2112 young pupils from grade 1 through grade 9 in two elementary schools and two junior high schools in Taipei area were sampled as subjects. All of them were given parent child relation questionnaire in the first year. And than subjects in the 1st, 4th and 7th grades were administered Tennessee self-concept scale, children's internal-external control scale, emotional maturity scale as well as PCRQ next year.
The findings were:
1). Parental demanding perceived by children decreased steadyly with age, parental casual had no significant difference in grades and parental loving didn't show a consistent trend in all 9 grades.
2). There were no significant difference between the parental child-rearing parctices of boys and those of girls, but boys perceived more parental demanding and direct-object punishment than girls did.
3). There were significant correlations between the parental child-rearing practices and the belief of internality, self concepts, emotional maturity and the behavioral problems of children.